ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2025
Medications and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Cohort cluster analysis of 15,428 patients.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05817188 (Translational Identification of Medication Repurposing Candidates to Slow Cognitive Decline in Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Translational Identification of Medication Repurposing Candidates to Slow Cognitive Decline in Dementia
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hormone replacement therapy and its association with LATE-NC in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The Use of Statins in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: A 2021-2025 State-of-the-Art Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Bioenergetics and lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: From cell biology to systemic health.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrating genetic and immune profiles for personalized immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMedications for comorbid conditions may affect cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
objectiveTo explore the association between common medications and cognition, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination.
methodsCohort study including persons with AD from the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders (SveDem). Medications were included if they were used by ≥5% of patients (26 individual drugs). Each follow-up was analyzed independently by performing 100 Monte-Carlo simulations of two steps each 1) k-means clustering of patients according to Mini-Mental State Examination at follow-up and its decline since previous measure, and 2) Identification of medications presenting statistically significant differences in the proportion of users in the different clusters.
results15,428 patients (60.38% women) were studied. Four clusters were identified. Medications associated with the best cognition cluster (relative to the worse) were atorvastatin (point estimate 1.44 95% confidence interval [1.15-1.83] at first follow-up, simvastatin (1.41 [1.11-1.78] at second follow-up), warfarin (1.56 [1.22-2.01] first follow-up), zopiclone (1.35 [1.15-1.58], and metformin (2.08 [1.35-3.33] second follow-up. Oxazepam (0.60 [0.50-0.73] first follow-up), paracetamol (0.83 [0.73-0.95] first follow-up), cyanocobalamin, felodipine and furosemide were associated with the worst cluster. Cholinesterase inhibitors were associated with the best cognition clusters, whereas memantine appeared in the worse cognition clusters, consistent with its indication in moderate to severe dementia.
conclusionsWe performed unsupervised clustering to classify patients based on their current cognition and cognitive decline from previous testing. Atorvastatin, simvastatin, warfarin, metformin, and zopiclone presented a positive and statistically significant associations with cognition, while oxazepam, cyanocobalamin, felodipine, furosemide and paracetamol, were associated with the worst cluster.
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