ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors Associated with Prescription-to-Vaccination Conversion and Timeliness: A Real-World Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic differences in help-seeking intention for stress urinary incontinence: evidence from an information-motivation-behavioral skills model framework.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- From institutional trust to digital literacy: Socioeconomic and political determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Czech adults based on a national panel survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The impact of physical activity on self-emotion management among university students in Western China: the mediating roles of self-rated health and life satisfaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Parental vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to childhood vaccination. We examined parental socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in vaccine hesitancy, and the potential mediating roles of perceived social support and health literacy. A questionnaire survey was given to parents with children aged below 6 years from six provinces in China. SES was examined by educational attainment, annual household income, and a subjective measure of SES (using a scale of 1-10). Linear regression was applied to assess the association between SES and vaccine hesitancy. Bootstrapping mediation analysis was performed with 5,000 samples bootstrapped. A total of 1,638 parents were included. Using annual household income > 200,000 Chinese yuan (CNY) as a reference, parents with lower household income (CNY 100,001-150,000) experienced higher vaccine hesitancy. Educational attainment was not associated with vaccine hesitancy. Subjective SES had a U-shaped relationship with vaccine hesitancy. Perceived social support and health literacy independently and sequentially mediated the effects of subjective SES (indirect effect: -0.240) and annual household income (indirect effect: 1.250 for ≤ CNY 100,000 and 0.759 for CNY 100,001-150,000) on vaccine hesitancy. Socioeconomic disparities influenced parental vaccine hesitancy in China, which were mediated by perceptions of social support and health literacy.
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