Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39773443›Full record

ArticleBMC ophthalmology2025

Animal and bird-related ocular trauma: a decade of experience from a tertiary referral eye hospital of Iran.

Mohammadreza Mehrabi Bahar, Esmaeil Asadi Khameneh, Hassan Asadigandomani, Alireza Razavi, Seyed Ali Tabatabaei, Zahra Mahdizad, Fatemeh Masoudi Samghabadi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohammadreza Mehrabi BaharOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Esmaeil Asadi KhamenehOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan AsadigandomaniOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza RazaviOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Ali TabatabaeiOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra MahdizadOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh Masoudi SamghabadiOcular Trauma and Emergency Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Tehran, Iran. F_masoodi@ymail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to explore ocular and periocular injuries resulting from animal and bird attacks among patients referred to a tertiary referral eye hospital of Iran over ten years (2014-2024).

methodsIn this retrospective analysis, we collected data on patient demographics, the species of the attacking animal and bird, the nature of the ocular and periocular injuries, details of ophthalmological examinations, therapeutic interventions, and surgical treatments.

resultsOne hundred and twenty-nine patients, with an average age of 36 ± 23 years (range: 1-77 years), were included in this study, of whom 81 were male. Among these patients, 70 (54.3%) experienced open globe injuries, and seven were diagnosed with endophthalmitis during their hospital stay. Specifically, of the 60 injuries caused by birds, 47 patients (78.3%) experienced open globe injuries, whereas this rate was 21 out of 66 (31.8%) for injuries caused by quadrupeds (P-value ≤ 0.001). Rural patients had a significantly longer time interval from trauma occurrence to hospital admission (83.58 ± 31.46 h in the rural group vs. 29.85 ± 6.48 h in the urban group, P-value = 0.012) and from hospital admission to the first surgical intervention (8.8 ± 1.14 h in the rural group vs. 6.83 ± 6.13 h in the urban group, P-value = 0.020). Additionally, final visual acuity was significantly better in urban patients than in rural patients.

conclusionsAnimal and bird-related ocular trauma in Iran predominantly involves injuries caused by birds, with rural patients experiencing worse visual outcomes and delayed referral.

Indexed as

BirdsEye InjuriesTertiary Care CentersAdolescentAdultAgedAnimalsBites and StingsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantIranMaleMiddle AgedAnimalBirdEndophthalmitisOphthalmologyTrauma

Identifiers

PMID39773443
PMCPMC11705781

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.