Evidence mapPaperPMID 39773723Full record

ReviewLipids in health and disease2025

Interplay of fatty acids, insulin and exercise in vascular health.

Kara C Anderson, Jia Liu, Zhenqi Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kara C Anderson *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Jia Liu *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Zhenqi LiuDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. zl3e@virginia.edu.

Funding

Role of Microvascular insulin resistance and cardiorespiratory fitness in diabetesR01DK124344 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · 2023 to 2025
$1.4M
Research Training in Neuroendocrinology and MetabolismT32DK007646 · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · 1990 to 2025
$1.3M
Effects of Exercise and GLP-1R Agonism on Muscle Microvascular Perfusion and Insulin ActionR01DK125330 · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · 2025 to 2025
$657k
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK124344NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK125330NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007646NIH HHS R01DK124344
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fatty acid metabolism, exercise, and insulin action play critical roles in maintaining vascular health, especially relevant in metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Insulin, a vasoactive hormone, induces arterial vasodilation throughout the arterial tree, increasing arterial compliance and enhancing tissue perfusion. These effects, however, are impaired in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and evidence suggests that vascular insulin resistance contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Elevated plasma levels of free fatty acids in people with insulin resistance engender vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular insulin resistance. Importantly, these effects are both functionally and structurally dependent, with saturated fatty acids as the primary culprits, while polyunsaturated fatty acids may support insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. Exercise enhances fatty acid oxidation, reduces circulating free fatty acids, and improves insulin sensitivity, thereby mitigating lipotoxicity and promoting endothelial function. Additionally, exercise induces beneficial vascular adaptations. This review examines the complex interplay among fatty acid metabolism, exercise training-induced vascular adaptations, and insulin-mediated vascular changes, highlighting their collective impact on vascular health and underlying mechanisms in both healthy and insulin-resistant states. It also explores the therapeutic potential of targeted exercise prescriptions and fatty acid-focused dietary strategies for enhancing vascular health, emphasizing tailored interventions to maximize metabolic benefits. Future research should investigate the pathways linking fatty acid metabolism to vascular insulin resistance, with a focus on how exercise and dietary modifications can be personalized to enhance vascular insulin sensitivity, optimize vascular health, and reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseFatty AcidsInsulinInsulin ResistanceAnimalsCardiovascular DiseasesEndothelium, VascularHumansObesityFatty AcidsInsulinEndothelial functionExerciseFatty acid metabolismInsulin resistanceLipotoxicityNitric oxideTissue perfusionType 2 diabetesVascular inflammation

Identifiers

PMID39773723
PMCPMC11706162

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.