Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39778609›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation2025

Early Results of an Infant Model of Orthotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation.

Chace B Mitchell, Joe Simmons, Carolyn L Hodo, Sarah J Neal, Sriram Chitta, Clementine Vo, Kanwarpal Bakshi, Julie Juliani, Julie Fenske, David C Cleveland and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Gene-edited pig cardiac xenotransplantation as a bridge to allotransplantation in infants: Progress in a pig-to-baboon model.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Chace B MitchellDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Joe SimmonsMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX.
Carolyn L HodoMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX.
Sarah J NealMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX.
Sriram ChittaMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX.
Clementine VoDivision of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Kanwarpal BakshiDivision of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Julie JulianiDivision of Cardiac Perfusion, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Julie FenskeDivision of Cardiac Perfusion, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
David C ClevelandDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
John D ClevelandDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: jcleveland@chla.usc.edu.

Funding

Specific Pathogen Free Baboon Research Resource (SPFBRR) - Bridge Funding Administrative SupplementP40OD024628 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Joe H. Simmons · 2017 to 2026
$15.7M
The genetically engineered pig heart as a bridge to allotransplantation in infantsR33HL163718 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CLEVELAND, DAVID C · 2022 to 2023
$990k
NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL163718NIH HHS P40 OD024628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGenetically engineered porcine hearts may have an application for infants in need of a bridge to cardiac allotransplantation. The current animal model that resulted in 2 human applications has been validated in adult non-human primates only. We sought to create an infant animal model of life sustaining cardiac xenotransplantation to understand limitations specific to this age group.

methodsWe performed 11 orthotopic cardiac xenotransplants from genetically modified infantile pigs into size-matched baboons (Papio spp). Porcine grafts were preserved using a modified Del Nido solution. Protocolized post-operative care and outcomes were tracked with invasive monitoring, echocardiogram, and serial chemistries (including a 7-cytokine panel).

resultsMean ischemic time was 52.1 +/- 13.9 min. All porcine hearts separated from bypass in normal sinus rhythm with normal systolic function documented by echocardiogram at chest closure and again at 24 h. In the first 48 post-operative hours, mean vasoactive inotropic score for the recipients was 9.6 +/- 3.5. Survival >3months was achieved in 6 animals. Five animals succumbed early (<7days) either due to errors in care (n=2) or pulmonary complications (n=3) confirmed on chest radiograph and necropsy. Cytokine levels objectively increased following xenograft implant but were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors.

conclusionsIn a non-human primate model of infant orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation, cardiac function does not hinder early peri-operative survival. Instead, pulmonary edema and pleural effusions in the setting of systemic inflammation preclude clinical progression. Targeted therapies are necessary to encourage prolonged survival.

Indexed as

Heart TransplantationModels, AnimalTransplantation, HeterologousAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedAnimals, NewbornDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGraft SurvivalHumansMalePapioSwineGene-editedPediatric Heart TransplantPigXenotransplantation

Identifiers

PMID39778609
PMCPMC12025259

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.