Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39779259›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Do continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics predict macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes? The FACULTY protocol of a retrospective real-world cohort study.

Ramzi A Ajjan, Tadej Battelino, J Seufert, Patrick Blin, Gérard de Pouvourville, Eric Vicaut, Laure Carcaillon-Bentata, Fleur Levrat-Guillen, Emmanuel Cosson, Michael Joubert

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ramzi A AjjanThe LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK R.Ajjan@leeds.ac.uk.
Tadej BattelinoDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J SeufertDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Patrick BlinUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM CIC-P 1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, Bordeaux, France.
Gérard de PouvourvilleDepartment of Economics, ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
Eric VicautClinical Research Unit, Fernand Vidal Hospital, Paris, France.
Laure Carcaillon-BentataUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM CIC-P 1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, Bordeaux, France.
Fleur Levrat-GuillenAbbott Laboratories, Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK.
Emmanuel CossonDepartment of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CINFO, Bobigny, France.
Michael JoubertDiabetes Care Unit, Caen University Hospital, Caen cedex 09, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-7355

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGlycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in diabetes, given the established relationship with microvascular and macrovascular complications in this condition. However, HbA1c is affected by non-glycaemic factors, while also failing to provide data on hypoglycaemic exposure and glucose variability, which are associated with adverse vascular outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics provide a more comprehensive assessment of glycaemia, but their role in predicting future vascular complications remains unclear. Here, we present the protocol for a real-world cohort study, aiming to establish the relationship between CGM-derived glycaemic metrics and the incidence of macrovascular and/or microvascular complications in people with diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cohort study will use data from all CGM new users (FreeStyle Libre system) in France who uploaded their glycaemic values onto the LibreView cloud-based system, linked with data from the French nationwide ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study data-collection protocol is approved by the French National Commission for Informatics and Liberties, including approval from the

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetic AngiopathiesGlycated HemoglobinContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetes MellitusFranceHumansMaleResearch DesignRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinCoronary heart diseaseDIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGYDiabetic nephropathy & vascular diseaseDiabetic neuropathyDiabetic retinopathyHEALTH ECONOMICS

Identifiers

PMID39779259
PMCPMC11749619

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.