Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39779516›Full record

ArticleArchives of microbiology2025

Exploring caffeine as a disruptor of membrane integrity and genomic stability in Staphylococcus aureus: functional and in silico analysis.

K C Beulah, Akshatha Prasanna, Prashantha Karunakar, Archana S Rao, Sunil S More, Ajay Nair

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

K C BeulahSchool of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Innovation Campus, Kudlu Gate, Hosur Rd, Bengaluru, 560 068, India.
Akshatha PrasannaDepartment of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Kumaraswamy Layout, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Bengaluru, 560 111, India.
Prashantha KarunakarDepartment of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Kumaraswamy Layout, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Bengaluru, 560 111, India.
Archana S RaoSchool of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Innovation Campus, Kudlu Gate, Hosur Rd, Bengaluru, 560 068, India.
Sunil S MoreSchool of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Innovation Campus, Kudlu Gate, Hosur Rd, Bengaluru, 560 068, India.
Ajay NairSchool of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Innovation Campus, Kudlu Gate, Hosur Rd, Bengaluru, 560 068, India. ajay-sbas@dsu.edu.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To explore the mechanistic underpinnings of caffeine as a potent antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 via in vitro functional assays, whole-genome sequencing, and in silico docking studies. In vitro studies established that caffeine's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 is 0.01544 mmol/mL. Functional assays along with Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed that caffeine at 0.030089 mmol/mL (2MIC) released nucleotide constituents (nucleotide leakage assay) and effluxed potassium ions (potassium efflux assay) thereby, further validating caffeine's role as a membrane-active antimicrobial agent. Whole genome sequencing of control versus caffeine treated samples revealed a significant drop in read mapping percentage from 99.96 to 23.68% and GC content from 30.69 to 6.93%. This massive reduction in the treated sample was a consequence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, 50,303), along with insertions and deletions (InDels, 62). Several of these caffeine-induced mutations were found to be harbouring the coding regions of genes involved in processes such as cell membrane organization, bacterial virulence, and DNA repair processes. Thus, implying a caffeine-mediated genomic rearrangement and instability. In silico docking studies revealed a strong binding affinity of caffeine to key cell wall proteins ltaA (-6.9 kcal/mol) and ltaS (-6.5 kcal/mol) respectively. The dynamic simulation studies revealed caffeine's interaction with receptor ltaS remained stable, with low deviations and minimal fluctuations. Although caffeine has been widely investigated for its antibacterial properties, its specific mechanisms of action, notably its effects on the cell membrane and genomic integrity in S. aureus ATCC 25923, are little understood. This study thus offers a comprehensive functional genomic analysis of caffeine as an antibacterial against S. aureus.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCaffeineCell MembraneMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcus aureusComputer SimulationGenome, BacterialGenomic InstabilityMolecular Docking SimulationPolymorphism, Single NucleotideWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial AgentsCaffeineCaffeine-induced mutationsCell membrane integrityGenomic instabilityMolecular dockingMolecular simulationNucleotide leakagePotassium effluxWhole genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID39779516

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.