Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39780137›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Subgroups of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia characterized by executive function and their morphological features: a latent profile analysis study.

Yuyan Huang, Weiyan Wang, Gangrui Hei, Tiannan Shao, Li Li, Ye Yang, Xiaoyi Wang, Yujun Long, Jingmei Xiao, Xingjie Peng and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Yuyan Huang *Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Weiyan Wang *Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Gangrui HeiThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
Tiannan ShaoDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Li LiDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Ye YangDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Xiaoyi WangDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Yujun LongDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Jingmei XiaoDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Xingjie PengDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Chuhan SongDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Jingda CaiDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Xueqin SongThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
Xijia XuDepartment of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China.
Shuzhan GaoDepartment of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China.
Jing HuangDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Dongyu KangDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Ying WangMental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Jingping ZhaoDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Yunzhi PanDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. panyunzhi@csu.edu.cn.
Renrong WuDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. wurenrong@csu.edu.cn.

Funding

Hunan Provincial Nature Science Foundation of china 2023JJ40845Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China 2022SK2043National Natural Science Foundation of China 82201664National Natural Science Foundation of China 82325020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe heterogeneity of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia has been widely observed. However, reliable cognitive boundaries to differentiate the subgroups remain elusive. The key challenge for cognitive subtyping is applying an integrated and standardized cognitive assessment and understanding the subgroup-specific neurobiological mechanisms. The present study endeavors to explore cognitive subgroups and identify their morphological features.

methodsA total of 920 schizophrenia patients and 169 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was applied to assess cognitive performance and recognize cognitive subgroups through latent profile and latent transition analysis. Cortical thickness and gray matter volume were employed for the morphological features across subgroups.

resultsFour reproducible cognitive subgroups were identified, including multidomain-intact, executive-preserved, executive-deteriorated, and multidomain-deteriorated subgroup. After 12 weeks of follow-up, the cognitive characteristics of three out of the four subgroups kept stability, except for multidomain-deteriorated subgroup in which 48.8% of patients with improved cognition transited into the executive-deteriorated subgroup. Across subgroups, significant gradient features of brain structure were exhibited in fronto-temporal regions, hippocampus, and insula. Compared to healthy controls, multidomain-intact subgroup showed the most intact cognition and morphology, and multidomain-deteriorated subgroup with youngest age showed morphological decline in extensive regions. The remaining two subgroups showed intermediate cognitive performance, but could be distinguished by executive function and morphological differences in posterior cingulate cortex.

conclusionsOur study provides novel insights into the heterogeneity of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and the morphological features from cross-sectional and longitudinal levels, which could advance our understanding of complex cognition-morphology relationships and guide personalized interventions.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionExecutive FunctionSchizophreniaAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleGray MatterHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsYoung AdultCognitive subgroupCortical thicknessGray matter volumeHeterogeneityLatent profile analysisSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID39780137
PMCPMC11715599

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.