Trial reportInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2025
Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed.
Trial report in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Who engages? Machine learning insights into digital mindfulness-based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Digital positive affect intervention (PAI) versus self-monitoring placebo in the treatment of anxiety and depression: a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT).BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Predicted Compliance With a Web-Based Intervention for Anxiety and Depression Among Latin American University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Protocol for a randomized trial to predict the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions for symptoms of depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Optimizing treatment for depression in primary care using psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication in a low-resource setting: protocol for the OptimizeD randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.
methodsThe trial randomized n = 880 anxious and/or depressed university students to guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) and evaluated joint remission. Previously reported analyses documented superiority of i-CBT but significant HTE. In the reanalysis reported here, we used baseline (i.e., pre-randomization) covariates to predict compliance among participants randomized to guided i-CBT, generated a cross-validated within-person expected compliance score based on this model in both intervention groups, and then used this expected composite score as a predictor in an expanded HTE analysis.
resultsThe significant intervention effect was limited to participants with high expected compliance. Residual HTE was nonsignificant.
conclusionsFuture psychotherapy HTE trials should routinely develop and include expected compliance composite scores to distinguish the effects of differential treatment compliance from the effects of differential treatment effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.