ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Multiplicity of type 6 secretion system toxins limits the evolution of resistance.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional diversity of accessory factors of the type VI secretion system.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Bacterial weaponry and the ecological factors of competitive success.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- Specific and broad-spectrum antibacterial effectors of type VI secretion system drive competition ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Global identification of Chromobacterium violaceum T6SS effectors reveals an Rhs antibacterial toxin featuring FIX and ADP-ribosyltransferase domains.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Modelling the role of the microbiome in antimicrobial resistance across scales.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Genome-Wide In Silico Analysis of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) Within the Morganella Genus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Neisseria subflava Type 6 Secretion System competition with bacterial and fungal species.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Pan-genome insights into type VI secretion systems and their functional repertoires inmSystems · 2026Article
- The type VI secretion system and associated effector proteins.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Reprogrammed SimCells for antimicrobial therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An electron transport complex required in the gut sensitizesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Type VI secretion system activity at lethal antibiotic concentrations leads to overestimation of weapon potency.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- A new class of type VI secretion system effectors can carry two toxic domains and are recognized through the WHIX motif for export.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Decoding resistance in the age of T6SS warfare.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Multiplicity of type 6 secretion system toxins limits the evolution of resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Individual-based modeling unravels spatial and social interactions in bacterial communities.The ISME journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The bacterial type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a toxin-injecting nanoweapon that mediates competition in plant- and animal-associated microbial communities. Bacteria can evolve de novo resistance against T6SS attacks, but resistance is far from universal in natural communities, suggesting key features of T6SS weaponry may act to limit its evolution. Here, we combine ecoevolutionary modeling and experimental evolution to examine how toxin type and multiplicity in
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.