Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39787061›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury.

Timothy Kim, Ege Iseri, Micalla G Peng, Sasha Medvidovic, Timothy Silliman, Pooyan Pahlavan, Gengle Niu, Connie Huang, Anahit Simonyan, Javad Pahnahad and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Implantable bioelectronic outlet.Science advances · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Timothy KimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Ege IseriDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Micalla G PengDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Sasha MedvidovicDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Timothy SillimanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Pooyan PahlavanInstitute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Gengle NiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-7609-0618
Connie HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Anahit SimonyanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Javad PahnahadInstitute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Petcy YaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Phillip LamDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Vahini GarimellaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Mahnaz ShahidiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Michael S BienkowskiStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Darrin J LeeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Biju ThomasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Gianluca LazziDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Kimberly K GokoffskiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-3589-0296

Funding

Ophthalmic Therapeutics Engineering CoreP30EY029220 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Mahnaz Shahidi · 2018 to 2026
$6.5M
Restoration of Optic Nerve Function Driven by In Vivo Multimodal Electrical StimulationR01EY035375 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Kimberly K Gokoffski · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
In vivo Application of Electrical Fields Directs Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon RegenerationK08EY031797 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GOKOFFSKI, KIMBERLY K · 2020 to 2023
$862k
NEI NIH HHS K08 EY031797NEI NIH HHS P30 EY029220NEI NIH HHS R01 EY035375
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon. Stimulation was performed with asymmetric charged-balanced (ACB) waveforms that are safer than direct current and more effective than traditional, symmetric biphasic waveforms. In addition to partial anatomical restoration, ACB waveforms conferred partial restoration of visual function as measured by pattern electroretinogram recordings and local field potential recordings in the superior colliculus-and did so without the need for genetic manipulation. Our work suggests that exogenous electric field application can override cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic barriers to axon regeneration, and that electrical stimulation performed with specific ACB waveforms may be an effective strategy for directing anatomical and functional restoration after CNS injury.

Indexed as

AxonsElectric StimulationNerve RegenerationOptic Nerve InjuriesRetinal Ganglion CellsAnimalsElectroretinographyNerve CrushOptic NerveRatsRecovery of FunctionVision, Ocular

Identifiers

PMID39787061
PMCPMC11717274

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.