Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39789307›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2026

Advancing brain immunotherapy through functional nanomaterials.

Bhanu Nirosha Yalamandala, Thi My Hue Huynh, Hui-Wen Lien, Wan-Chi Pan, Hoi Man Iao, Thrinayan Moorthy, Yun-Hsuan Chang, Shang-Hsiu Hu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Spatiotemporal cancer controlNanomedicine (London, England) · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bhanu Nirosha YalamandalaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Thi My Hue HuynhDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Hui-Wen LienDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Wan-Chi PanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Hoi Man IaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Thrinayan MoorthyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Yun-Hsuan ChangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Shang-Hsiu HuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan. shhu@mx.nthu.edu.tw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-3918

Funding

National Health Research Institutes NHRI-EX112-11111EINational Science and Technology Council, Taiwan NSTC 112-2321-B-007-003, NSTC 112-2314-B-007-005-MY3, NSTC 111-2321-B-A49-009, NSTC 112-2321-B-A49-007, MOST 111-2636-B-007-007, NSTC 112-2326-B-007-006, MOST 111-2636-E-007-021 and MOST-110-2634-F-007-025National Tsing Hua University 111Q2715E1 and 111F7MELE1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges due to its highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and the brain immune privilege. Immunotherapy activating the immune system and T lymphocyte infiltration holds great promise against GBM. However, the brain's low immunogenicity and the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinder therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in immune-actuated particles for targeted drug delivery have shown the potential to overcome these obstacles. These particles interact with the BBB by rapidly and reversibly disrupting its structure, thereby significantly enhancing targeting and penetrating delivery. The BBB targeting also minimizes potential long-term damage. At GBM, the particles demonstrated effective chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), radiotherapy, or magnetotherapy, facilitating tumor disruption and promoting antigen release. Additionally, components of the delivery system retained autologous tumor-associated antigens and presented them to dendritic cells (DCs), ensuring prolonged immune activation. This review explores the immunosuppressive mechanisms of GBM, existing therapeutic strategies, and the role of nanomaterials in enhancing immunotherapy. We also discuss innovative particle-based approaches designed to traverse the BBB by mimicking innate immune functions to improve treatment outcomes for brain tumors.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaImmunotherapyNanostructuresAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierDrug Delivery SystemsHumansTumor MicroenvironmentBlood-brain barrierBrain tumorGlioblastomaImmunotherapyNanomaterials

Identifiers

PMID39789307
PMCPMC12876551

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.