ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2025
Nationwide population-based infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Germany in autumn/winter 2021/2022.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nationwide cross-sectional study results on long-term care and SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The impact of statistical adjustment for assay performance on inferences from SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Nationwide population-based infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Germany in autumn/winter 2021/2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Reconsidering inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Germany: a spatiotemporal analysis combining individual educational level and area-level socioeconomic deprivation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Education and pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infections in the German working population - the mediating role of working from home.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Observational
- Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Germany: A Seroepidemiological Study After One Year of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign.International journal of public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundThe first Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP) study (October 2020-February 2021) found a low pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence (2.1%) in the German adult population (≥ 18 years).AimThe objective of this second RKI-SOEP (RKI-SOEP-2) study in November 2021-March 2022 was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-spike and/or anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG antibodies (combined seroprevalence), past infection based on infection-induced seroprevalence (anti-N), and basic immunisation (at least two antigen contacts through vaccination or infection) in individuals aged ≥ 14 years. We also aimed to estimate under-reporting of infections.MethodsDried blood-spot specimens from a population-based sample embedded in a dynamic cohort, the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), were serologically analysed. Resulting serological data and self-reports via a questionnaire from the same individuals were used to estimate prevalences.ResultsCombined seroprevalence was 90.7% (95% CI: 89.7%-91.6%) without correction and 94.6% (95% CI: 93.6%-95.7%) with correction for sensitivity/specificity and antibody waning. While one in nine individuals had been infected (11.3%; 95% CI: 9.1%-13.5%), nine in 10 had a basic immunisation (90%; 95% CI: 88.9-90.9%), primarily due to vaccination. Population-weighted estimates differed by age, region, and socioeconomic deprivation. The under-reporting factor was estimated as 1.55 (95% CI: 1.3-1.8).ConclusionsWhen the SARS-CoV-2-Omicron wave was beginning, most people had been vaccinated, infected, or both. Large-scale vaccination, but not a high infection rate, was able to fill the immunity gap, especially in ≥ 65 year-olds who are known to be at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Our data point towards the need for targeted socioeconomically, demographically and regionally stratified mitigation strategies, including measures to enhance vaccine uptake.
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