Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39798859›Full record

ArticlePhysiology & behavior2025

Sex differences in motivation to take sucrose following abstinence and environmental enrichment in Long-Evans rats.

Jeffrey W Grimm, Frances Sauter, Derek MacDougall, Emily Spaulding, Sarah Giadone, Kyra Stensgaard, Mason Hardy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Physiology & behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeffrey W GrimmDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA. Electronic address: jeff.grimm@wwu.edu.
Frances SauterDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
Derek MacDougallDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
Emily SpauldingDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
Sarah GiadoneDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
Kyra StensgaardDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.
Mason HardyDepartment of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA.

Funding

Sex Differences in the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on CravingR15DA016285 · NIDA · WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GRIMM, JEFFREY W · 2003 to 2019
$1.9M
NIDA NIH HHS R15 DA016285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are clinically significant sex differences in addiction behaviors. We have previously reported robust sex differences in motivation to consume sucrose in adult Long-Evans rats. In the present study, motivation to consume 10 % sucrose was assessed with lever press responding (0.4 mL per reinforcement) on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule during daily 3-h sessions for 1 week following either overnight (acute) or 1 month (chronic) environmental enrichment (EE). Acute EE was provided immediately after initial training or after 29 days of abstinence. Males and females were segregated by sex throughout the study. Females responded to higher breakpoints during training and post-EE testing. In both sexes, there was an abstinence-dependent increase (incubation) of PR responding for sucrose in control subjects tested after 1 month vs. 1 day of abstinence. Both acute and chronic EE decreased subsequent breakpoints, but the persistence of the effect differed by sex and length of abstinence. For testing following 1 day of abstinence from sucrose, acute EE with males resulted in decreased breakpoints persisting 3 days. EE-induced reductions in breakpoints for females were not statistically significant. For testing starting after 29 days of abstinence from sucrose, acute EE with males resulted in decreased breakpoints persisting 3 days. Chronic EE with males decreased their breakpoints for 3 days but had no effect on responding by females. EE-induced reductions in breakpoints for females were not statistically significant. Sucrose consumption relative to body weight was reduced by EE for males similar to decreases in breakpoints. For females, acute (both early and late abstinence) and chronic EE also reduced sucrose consumption, but only on the first day of testing. These results replicate our previous findings of greater motivation to consume sucrose by females, demonstrate an incubation of PR responding for both sexes, and an overall more persistent anti-sucrose taking effect of EE with males.

Indexed as

EnvironmentMotivationSex CharacteristicsSucroseAnimalsConditioning, OperantFemaleMaleRatsRats, Long-EvansReinforcement ScheduleSelf AdministrationSucroseAddictionCravingEnvironmental enrichmentMotivationPersistenceSex differences

Identifiers

PMID39798859
PMCPMC11788055

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.