Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39806244›Full record

ArticleAMB Express2025

Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain.

Hajar Saeed, Anthony Ragaey, Ziad Samy, Viola Ashraf, Aly ElMostafa, Norhan Ahmad, Enjy Bebawy, Nour ElHoda M Sorour, Salwa M El-Sayed, Ashraf Bakry and 4 more

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Article in AMB Express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hajar SaeedBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Anthony RagaeyBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Ziad SamyBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Viola AshrafBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Aly ElMostafaBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Norhan AhmadBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Enjy BebawyBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Nour ElHoda M SorourDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Salwa M El-SayedDepartment of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, -Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Ashraf BakryDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Naglaa EbeedDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Hesham ElhariryDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Thanaa El-NobyDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Samah H Abu-HussienDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt. samah_hashem1@agr.asu.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7224-1212

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Valorization of poultry waste is a significant challenge addressed in this study, which aimed to produce cost-effective and sustainable peptones from poultry waste. The isolation process yielded the highly potent proteolytic B.subtilis isolate P6, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing to share 94% similarity with the B.subtilis strain KEMET024 (GenBank accession number PP694485.1) and deposited in MIRCEN culture collection, Cairo, Egypt as EMCC 998871. It reached optimal production levels during 24 h of incubation, with biomass at 2.5 g/L, protease activity at 455 U/mL, and total amino acid (TAA) concentration at 208 mg/mL. For screening the most significant factors for peptone production, the Plackett-Burman design identified meat and bone meal concentration as the main significant factor influencing total amino acid reaching 420 mg/mL. BOX-Behnken design optimized peptone production increasing its production level by twofold to reach 2850 U/mL of protease activity and 580 mg/mL of total amino acids. The produced peptone demonstrated a superior amino acid profile compared to commercial peptones, with a remarkably higher total amino acid content of 621.556 mg/g and elevated levels of essential amino acids like aspartic acid (37.745%), glutamic acid (90.876%), glycine (117.272%), and alanine (50.373%). Characterization revealed optimal pH and temperature conditions of around pH 8 and 50-60°C, respectively, for the proteolytic activity. The Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots determined a Km of 0.5 mg/mL and Vmax of 174.08 U/mL suggesting cooperative substrate binding and providing insights into the enzyme's maximum rate and affinity. The produced peptone exhibited minimal cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (≤ 1 mg/mL), with cell viability exceeding 94% against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. However, higher concentrations (≥ 3 mg/mL) displayed increased cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the results strongly indicate that the produced peptone, particularly at 0.5% concentration, is an effective nitrogen source for B. subtilis cultivation, demonstrating its potential for biotechnological applications. This study successfully valorized poultry waste by developing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial peptones, contributing to waste valorization and sustainable biotechnological processes.

Indexed as

Amino acidsBacillus subtilisPeptone productionPoultry waste valorizationProteases

Identifiers

PMID39806244
PMCPMC11730028

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.