Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39806251›Full record

ArticlePlant cell reports2025

Characterisation of Cannabis glandular trichome development reveals distinct features of cannabinoid biosynthesis.

Matthew Nolan, Qi Guo, Lei Liu, Nicolas Dimopoulos, Lennard Garcia-de Heer, Bronwyn J Barkla, Tobias Kretzschmar

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Plant cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. From Model Plants toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Matthew Nolan *Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1314-0297
Qi Guo *Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-2533
Lei LiuFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-7042
Nicolas DimopoulosFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-5674
Lennard Garcia-de HeerFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2929-3357
Bronwyn J BarklaFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-8023
Tobias KretzschmarFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia. Tobias.Kretzschmar@scu.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-0746

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

key messageCannabis trichome development progresses in distinct phases that underpin the dynamic biosynthesis of cannabinoids and terpenes. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying cannabinoid and terpenoid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa (CsGTs) throughout their development. Female Cannabis sativa c. Hindu Kush were cultivated under controlled conditions, and trichome development was analysed from week 3 to week 8 of the flowering period. We employed light microscopy, quantitative metabolomics and proteomics to analyse morphological changes in trichome secretory cell development, and temporal changes in metabolite accumulation and protein abundance. Our findings identified three distinct developmental phases: pre-secretory (T3), secretory (T6), and post-secretory (T8), the first time the three phases of trichome development have been identified and investigated in CsGTs. The pre-secretory phase was characterized by smaller secretory cells, limited metabolite accumulation and elevated levels of proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and cellular development. The secretory phase exhibited the highest biosynthetic activity, marked by larger secretory cells, increased plastidal activity, central carbon metabolism, and significant accumulation of cannabinoids and terpenoids. The post-secretory phase showed a decrease in secretory cell size, reduced metabolic activity, and a decrease in the abundance of primary and secondary metabolism enzymes, although THCA continued to accumulate. Key enzymes showed dynamic changes correlating with the stages of trichome development. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating cannabinoid and terpenoid biosynthesis in CsGTs, offering insights for enhancing the production of these valuable compounds through targeted breeding and biotechnological approaches.

Indexed as

CannabinoidsCannabisTrichomesGene Expression Regulation, PlantMetabolomicsPlant ProteinsProteomicsTerpenesCannabinoidsPlant ProteinsTerpenesCarbon metabolismPlastid; CannabinoidsSecondary metabolitesSecretory cellSWATH-MSTerpenoids; Quantitative proteomicsTrichome development phases

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.