Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39808644›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2025

Effect of the PakCat program on nutrition status, dietary pattern and nutrition knowledge and skills of Pakistani women living in Catalonia evaluated by a mixed-method randomized control trial (RCT).

Saba Mohamed-Bibi, Blanca Ribot-Serra, Cristina Vaqué-Crusellas

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Saba Mohamed-BibiFaculty of Geography and History, Department of Social Anthropology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-3189
Blanca Ribot-SerraFaculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research Group M3O, Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-0602
Cristina Vaqué-CrusellasFaculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research Group M3O, Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-3242

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPakistani women are among the most affected groups by obesity and heart failure in Catalonia. Due to cultural and linguistic barriers, their participation in standard health promotion programs is limited. To address this issue, we implemented a culturally and linguistically appropriate food education program called the PakCat Program.

methodsThe study employed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design, utilizing a two-arm, cluster-assignment, non-blinded mixed-method randomized control trial (RCT) implemented in Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramenet, two neighboring municipalities with a substantial Pakistani population. Participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 67) and the intervention group (n = 70). The intervention group received ten weekly culturally and linguistically appropriate food education sessions over ten weeks, while the control group attended three general sessions. The main outcome measures included nutritional status, nutrition knowledge and skills, dietary patterns, and satisfaction with the intervention, which were assessed pre-and post-intervention combining quantitative methods based on a survey and qualitative approaches consisting of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs).

resultsThe quantitative analysis conducted through a two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures indicated a significant improvement in the study variables across the entire sample (p < 0.001 within group), with the intervention group experiencing greater improvements in nutrition knowledge and skills and dietary pattern (p <0.001 for interaction and between groups). These findings were corroborated by thematically analyzed qualitative data confirming a more pronounced improvement in the study outcomes of the intervention group. Furthermore, both groups reported a high level of satisfaction with the intervention.

conclusionsThe PakCat Program effectively improved the nutrition knowledge, skills, and dietary patterns of immigrant women of Pakistani origin residing in Catalonia. However, future research involving a larger sample size and combining the behavioral and clinical parameters is needed to enhance the generalizability of the results.

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorHealth EducationHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth PromotionNutritional StatusAdultCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPakistanSpain

Identifiers

PMID39808644
PMCPMC11731702

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.