ArticleJournal of clinical nursing2025
Psychological and Social Factors Associated With Reporting Post-COVID Symptoms Among German Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of clinical nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Among Employees in Health and Social Services-A Longitudinal Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- A mediating effect of sense of coherence on the association between work-family conflict and workplace ostracism among medical staff.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealth care workers (HCW) with post-COVID condition (PCC) are frequently reported to suffer from mental health impairment. Given HCW above-average risk for mental health, research is necessary and risk factors need to be assessed.
aimTo compare mental health and health of German HCW with and without PCC and to identify associated psychological and social factors.
designCross-sectional study.
methodOverall, 2816 German HCW participated (332 reported PCC). Measures were post-COVID condition symptom sum score (PCSS), symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-2) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Impact of Event Scale-6), work-family conflict (Work-Family Conflict Scale), social support (ENRICHD Social Support Inventory), sense of coherence (Sense Of Coherence-3 Scale) and working conditions. Group differences of HCW with and without PCC were investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for HCW with PCC. PCSS was the dependent variable. Independent variables were a.m. measures and age, gender, occupational group and migration background.
resultsHCW with PCC exhibited higher values, with medium effect sizes, for symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Small effect sizes were observed for work-family conflict, social support, sense of coherence and working conditions. Higher PCSS scores were associated with higher depression, anxiety, PTSD and work-family conflict levels, lower social support and sense of coherence and migration background. Being a physician was associated with lower PCSS.
conclusionLower mental health, social factors and resources may play a role in reporting severe post-COVID symptoms. Further research is necessary to investigate these interactions using the biopsychosocial theory. IMPLICATION FOR THE PROFESSION: This study can help to understand PCC in HCW to design adjusted treatments and protect HCW from PCC and minimise their risk of PCC. REPORTING
methodThis study complies with the Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report (Data S1). PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Caregivers are the sample group.
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