Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39809955›Full record

ReviewProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2025

Gut Microbiota-Based Interventions for Parkinson's Disease: Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Current Perspective.

Deepak Kumar, Mahendra Bishnoi, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Shyam Sunder Sharma

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Gut-Brain Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Gut Microbiome as a Source of Probiotic Drugs for Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Deepak KumarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
Mahendra BishnoiCentre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biomanufacturing Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
Kanthi Kiran KondepudiCentre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biomanufacturing Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
Shyam Sunder SharmaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India. sssharma@niper.ac.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent evidence links gut microbiota alterations to neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Replenishing the abnormal composition of gut microbiota through gut microbiota-based interventions "prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)" has shown beneficial effects in PD. These interventions increase gut metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which may protect dopaminergic neurons via the gut-brain axis. Neuroprotective effects of these interventions are mediated by several mechanisms, including the enhancement of neurotrophin and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, GLP-1-mediated gut-brain axis signaling, Nrf2/ARE pathway, and autophagy. Other pathways, such as free fatty acid receptor activation, synaptic plasticity improvement, and blood-brain and gut barrier integrity maintenance, also contribute to neuroprotection. Furthermore, the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-кB pathway, MAPK pathway, GSK-3β signaling pathway, miR-155-5p-mediated neuroinflammation, and ferroptosis could account for their protective effects. Clinical studies involving gut microbiota-based interventions have shown therapeutic benefits in PD patients, particularly in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction and some neurological symptoms. However, the effectiveness in alleviating motor symptoms remains mild. Large-scale clinical trials are still needed to confirm these findings. This review emphasizes the neuroprotective mechanisms of gut microbiota-based interventions in PD as supported by both preclinical and clinical studies.

Indexed as

Brain-Gut AxisGastrointestinal MicrobiomeParkinson DiseaseProbioticsAnimalsDietary SupplementsFecal Microbiota TransplantationHumansSignal TransductionFecal microbiota transplantationGut microbiotaParkinson’s diseasePrebioticProbioticSynbiotic

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.