ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
NRF2 Antioxidant Response and Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Differentially Expressed in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Young Subjects.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Type I interferons in tuberculosis pathogenesis and prevention.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Redox signaling in chronic airway diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Inhibitory Effects of Bovine Lactoferricin-Lactoferrampin on Senecavirus A and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with Recombinant Lactobacillus Oral Treatment in Mice.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundSeveral respiratory viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), suppress nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (NRF2) antioxidant response, generating oxidative stress conditions to its advantage. NRF2 has also been reported to regulate the innate immune response through the inhibition of the interferon (IFN) pathway. However, its modulation in younger individuals and its correlation with the IFN response remain to be elucidated.
methodsThe NRF2 and redox-related genes expression was examined in nasopharyngeal swabs from children attending the pediatric hospital for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing. Expression levels were analyzed by stratifying the population according to the SARS-CoV-2 positivity, age, or the presence of symptoms. The results were correlated with Types I and III IFN genes and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).
resultsWe found that NRF2 expression was markedly diminished in positive patients compared to negative. Moreover, it correlated with higher expression of IFNα2 and IFNλ3, as well as ISG15 and ISG56. Interestingly, symptomatic patients with anosmia/ageusia showed pronounced expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1/redox factor 1 (APE1), together with Type I IFNs, ISG56, and the inflammasome component NLRP3.
conclusionThe results indicate an interdependence between NRF2 antioxidant pathway and IFN-mediated response during SARS-CoV-2 infection in young subjects.
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