Hybrid care model: Combining telemedicine and office visits for diabetes management in older adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the use of hybrid (telehealth and in-person) care on visitation and glycaemia in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined clinical characteristics, number of visits (telehealth and in-person) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics for older adults (≥65 years) with T1D from electronic health records during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2019-March 1, 2020; in-person) and pandemic (September 1, 2020-August 31, 2021; hybrid) periods. Main outcomes were the number of visits and changes in glycaemic control (HbA1c), and in a sub-group of older adults using CGM, changes in CGM metrics between in-person and hybrid care. Results: We analysed data of 661 older adults with T1D (age 72±5 years). The hybrid care resulted in an increased number of annual diabetes visits (6.3 vs 4.2 visits/person) without change in glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.4% vs 7.2%) compared with in-person care alone. In the sub-group of 299 older adults with T1D using CGM, hybrid care compared with in-person care resulted in an improvement of time-in-range (70-180 mg/dL) (68% to 71%; p<0.001) without increasing hypoglycaemia (<70 mg/dL). Conclusion: Compared with in-person only visits, hybrid care maintained visit frequency and preserved glycaemic control measured as HbA1c. In a sub-group of older adults with T1D using CGM, time-in-range improved while time in hypoglycaemia did not change. These data suggest that a hybrid care model is efficacious in maintaining visitation and glycaemic control, and, as demonstrated in a sub-group of older adults with T1D using CGM, safe with respect to time in hypoglycaemia.