Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39825912›Full record

Observational studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025

Effectiveness and cytokine profile of combined anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and corticosteroid therapy for chronic retinal vein occlusion.

Yusuke Arai, Hidenori Takahashi, Satoru Inoda, Shinichi Sakamoto, Hidetoshi Kawashima, Yasuo Yanagi

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Aqueous humour cytokine profiles in retinal vein occlusion: a comparative study of acute, chronic recurrent, and control eyes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yusuke AraiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Hidenori TakahashiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan. takahah-tky@umin.ac.jp.
Satoru InodaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Shinichi SakamotoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Hidetoshi KawashimaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Yasuo YanagiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP21K16880
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate whether sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) prolongs the recurrence intervals of macular edema (ME) for chronic retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to investigate the differences in intraocular inflammatory cytokines between good responders (GRs) and non-responders (NRs).

methodsThis retrospective, observational study involved 42 eyes of 42 patients with ME due to chronic RVO who had received only anti-VEGF for ≥ 1 year and were transitioned to combination therapy. GRs were defined as patients whose recurrence intervals were prolonged by ≥ 2 weeks compared with patients receiving anti-VEGF alone. Moreover, immediately before starting the combined therapy, aqueous humor was collected and the following inflammatory cytokines were compared between GRs and NRs: CCL11, MCP-3, IP-10, CCL13, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-15, IL-4, M-CSF, MMP-9, TNF-α, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL12, IL-8, galectin-1, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, MMP-1, PDGF-AA, and VEGF-A. These results were analyzed by nominal logistic regression after stepwise variable selection.

resultsThere were 26 eyes (62%) in the GR group. Nominal logistic analyses showed that a higher concentration of IL-1α (P = 0.016) and lower concentrations of IL-5 (P = 0.015), IL-6 (P = 0.022), and galectin-1 (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with the extension of the time from injection to recurrence of ME.

conclusionCombined anti-VEGF and STTA therapy for chronic RVO was effective in 62% of patients, suggesting the effectiveness of STTA. Higher IL-1α and lower IL-5, IL-6, and galectin-1 were the factors associated with combined treatment effectiveness.

Indexed as

Aqueous HumorBevacizumabCytokinesRanibizumabRetinal Vein OcclusionTriamcinolone AcetonideVisual AcuityAgedAngiogenesis InhibitorsChronic DiseaseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFluorescein AngiographyFollow-Up StudiesGlucocorticoidsHumansAngiogenesis InhibitorsBevacizumabCytokinesGlucocorticoidsRanibizumabReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorTriamcinolone AcetonideVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAnti-VEGFChronic retinal vein occlusionCombination therapyCorticosteroidsIntraocular inflammatory cytokines

Identifiers

PMID39825912
PMCPMC12149004

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.