ArticleBrain and behavior2025
Causal Relationship Between Emotional Disorders and Thyroid Disorders: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal Association Between Antidepressant Use and Thyroid Disease Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Early-life adversity and negative emotional responses are associated with hashimoto's thyroiditis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Testing bidirectional associations of major depressive disorder with medical conditions: two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Mental Health Status of Patients with Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe interplay between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders has been subject to numerous observational studies, which have consistently reported associations but have failed to establish clear causal links due to the multifactorial etiology and influences. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic causal association between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders.
methodsWe employed several methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger regression. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), Cochran's Q, and leave-one-out methods.
resultsIVW results showed negative causal relationships between bidirectional emotional disorders and hypothyroidism, toxic single thyroid nodules in thyrotoxicosis, and hyperthyroidism/toxicity. Additionally, there was a positive causal relationship between anxiety disorders and hypothyroidism. IVW results of reverse MR analysis estimates revealed a positive causal relationship between hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and recurrent or chronic depression. Additionally, there was a negative causal relationship between hyperthyroidism/toxicity and bipolar disorder.
conclusionThis bidirectional two-sample MR study preliminarily reveals a complex, bidirectional causal relationship between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders, particularly highlighting the role of thyroid dysfunction in the development of certain emotional disorders and vice versa.
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