Evidence mapPaperPMID 39832069Full record

ReviewCardiovascular drugs and therapy2026

Therapeutic Potential of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Xinyu Zhang, Chao Cao, Fei Zheng, Chang Liu, Xiuqing Tian

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  16. GLP-1 agonists and exercise: the future of lifestyle prioritization.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xinyu ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan City, 250014, China.ORCID 0009-0008-3334-4690
Chao CaoDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan City, 250014, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5545-710X
Fei ZhengDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan City, 250014, China.
Chang LiuDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan City, 250014, China.
Xiuqing TianDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan City, 250014, China. buzhang1949@126.com.ORCID 0009-0006-4340-1826

Funding

Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Program Grant No.202019089Major Project of Shandong University Grant No. qlyxjy-201830Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Grant No. 8217021865Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Grant No. ZR2021MH039Project of Shandong Provincial Medical Association Grant No. YXH2024YS039Research Fund of Qianfoshan Hospital Grant No. QYPY2021NSFC0619
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a crucial incretin hormone secreted by intestinal endocrine L cells. Given its pivotal physiological role, researchers have developed GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) through structural modifications. These analogues display pharmacological effects similar to those of GLP-1 but with augmented stability and are regarded as an effective means of regulating blood glucose levels in clinical practice.

objectiveThis review aims to comprehensively summarize the role of GLP-1 RAs in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a particular emphasis on the underlying signal transduction pathways and their therapeutic potential.

methodsA comprehensive review was carried out through literature research. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In pancreatic β-cells, GLP-1 RAs regulate the secretion of insulin and glucagon in a glucosedependent manner by influencing signaling pathways such as cAMP, PI3K, and MAPK. They also contribute to the regulation of blood glucose levels by promoting the proliferation of β-cells and inhibiting apoptosis in these cells. Recent comprehensive studies have also demonstrated the favorable impact of GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular wellbeing. In addition to the cardiovascular protection afforded by glucose metabolism regulation, a large body of evidence from animal and cellular studies has corroborated the beneficial effects of GLP-1 RAs on conditions such as heart failure (HF), hypertension, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. These benefits are mainly attributed to the alleviation of inflammatory responses, reduction of oxidative stress, and prevention of cell apoptosis. Clinical data shows that GLP-1 RAs can reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetic patients.

conclusionGLP-1 RAs play an important role in the management of both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. They show potential therapeutic value through the modulation of multiple signal transduction pathways. However, there may still be some issues in practical applications that require further research and resolution.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsAnimalsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansIncretinsInsulin-Secreting CellsSignal TransductionTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsCardiovascularDiabetic cardiomyopathyGLP-1 RAsHeart failureIschemic cardiomyopathyType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39832069
PMCPMC12872670

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.