ArticleNature medicine2025
Mapping the effectiveness and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07731256 (A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Semaglutide for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 156 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Semaglutide for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Obesity
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiorenal protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2026Pooled it
- Body Composition and Lifestyle Interventions in Pharmacological Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Global Long-Term Cost Effectiveness of Newer Antidiabetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive evaluation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: an umbrella review of clinical outcomes across multiple diseases.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and psychiatric outcomes: a bibliometric analysis of research trends, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic dysfunction, antidiabetic drugs, and asthma: bibliometric evidence, emerging trends, and translational frontiers from 2006 to 2025.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on alcohol-related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Mental Illness: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Agents in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative and Systematic Review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- Co-treating opioid and alcohol use disorders in the United States, 1960-2026: A historical policy review in the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) era.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Skin Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the 2025-2026 seasonal influenza vaccine among U.S. veterans: an observational study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Treatment Patterns of Tirzepatide in a Large UK Digital Health Cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on body weight and cardiovascular outcomes: a review.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2026Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malnutrition and Metabolic Failure in High-Potency Incretin Therapy.Obesity science & practice · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Epilepsy: Separating Evidence for Antiseizure Activity, Neuroprotection, and Disease Modification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- It's more than mechanics: the case for metabolic end-points in airways disease.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Substance Use Disorders in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Observational
- Molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of MASH.Nature · 2026Review
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly being used to treat diabetes and obesity. However, their effectiveness and risks have not yet been systematically evaluated in a comprehensive set of possible health outcomes. Here, we used the US Department of Veterans Affairs databases to build a cohort of people with diabetes who initiated GLP-1RA (n = 215,970) and compared them to those who initiated sulfonylureas (n = 159,465), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (n = 117,989) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (n = 258,614), a control group composed of an equal proportion of individuals initiating sulfonylureas, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 536,068), and a control group of 1,203,097 individuals who continued use of non-GLP-1RA antihyperglycemics (usual care). We used a discovery approach to systematically map an atlas of the associations of GLP-1RA use versus each comparator with 175 health outcomes. Compared to usual care, GLP-1RA use was associated with a reduced risk of substance use and psychotic disorders, seizures, neurocognitive disorders (including Alzheimer's disease and dementia), coagulation disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious illnesses and several respiratory conditions. There was an increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders, hypotension, syncope, arthritic disorders, nephrolithiasis, interstitial nephritis and drug-induced pancreatitis associated with GLP-1RA use compared to usual care. The results provide insights into the benefits and risks of GLP-1RAs and may be useful for informing clinical care and guiding research agendas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39833406What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.