ArticleBMC genomics2025
Comprehensive analysis of 111 Pleuronectiformes mitochondrial genomes: insights into structure, conservation, variation and evolution.
Article in BMC genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insights Into the Structural Features, Codon Usage Patterns, and Phylogenetic Analysis inEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- New Mitochondrial Genomic Resources for the Freshwater Fishes of the Sanaga River (Cameroon).Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome ofBiology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive mitogenomic insights into Hemibagrus velox endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia and its phylogenetic relationships within the Bagridae lineage.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Mitogenomic Insights into the Hampala Barb (Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Assembly, Characterization, and Phylogenetic Insights from the Complete Mitochondrial Genome ofBiology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPleuronectiformes, also known as flatfish, are important model and economic animals. However, a comprehensive genome survey of their important organelles, mitochondria, has been limited. Therefore, we aim to analyze the genomic structure, codon preference, nucleotide diversity, selective pressure and repeat sequences, as well as reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship using the mitochondrial genomes of 111 flatfish species.
resultsOur analysis revealed a conserved gene content of protein-coding genes and rRNA genes, but varying numbers of tRNA genes and control regions across species. Various gene rearrangements were found in flatfish species, especially for the rearrangement of nad5-nad6-cytb block in Samaridae family, the swapping rearrangement of nad6 and cytb gene in Bothidae family, as well as the control region translocation and tRNA-Gln gene inversion in the subfamily Cynoglossinae, suggesting their unique evolutionary history and/or functional benefit. Codon usage showed obvious biases, with adenine being the most frequent nucleotide at the third codon position. Nucleotide diversity and selective pressure analysis suggested that different protein-coding genes underwent varying degrees of evolutionary pressure, with cytb and cox genes being the most conserved ones. Phylogenetic analysis using both whole mitogenome information and concatenated independently aligned protein-coding genes largely mirrored the taxonomic classification of the species, but showed different phylogeny. The identification of simple sequence repeats and various long repetitive sequences provided additional complexity of genome organization and offered markers for evolutionary studies and breeding practices.
conclusionsThis study represents a significant step forward in our comprehension of the flatfish mitochondrial genomes, providing valuable insights into the structure, conservation and variation within flatfish mitogenomes, with implications for understanding their evolutionary history, functional genomics and fisheries management. Future research can delve deeper into conservation biology, evolutionary biology and functional usages of variations.
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