ArticleAdvanced composites and hybrid materials2025
Intranasal delivery of metformin using metal-organic framework (MOF)-74-Mg nanocarriers.
Article in Advanced composites and hybrid materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exercise mimetics: molecular mechanisms, biological and therapeutic effects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Intranasal administration in modulating depressive-like behavior and reconstructing treatment paradigms through neuroinflammation and neurotrophic pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- [Applications of molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction coupled with chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination of drug residues].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2026Review
- Article
- Overview of Metformin and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dosage tolerance is one of the translational challenges of using metformin (Met) in brain therapeutics. This paper presents metal-organic framework (MOF)-74-Mg nanocarriers (NCs) for intranasal (IN) delivery of brain-specific agents with a prolonged release time. We confirmed their excellent biocompatibility (5 mg/mL) and intrinsic fluorescence properties (370/500 nm excitation/emission peak) in Neuro-2A cells. This NC exhibited a high Met loading rate (10% wt/wt) and a sustained and prolonged release pattern of Met (90% release in 16 h) in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. We observed an optimal brain accumulation of Met-MOF (9% of the injected dosage) 8 h after IN injection. This percentage is at least 82 times higher than oral administration. Confocal imaging demonstrated significantly higher uptake of Met-MOF, 45 min after IN injection, by 79-85% neurons and 93-97% microglia than astrocytes and oligodendrocytes across 5xFAD mouse brain regions, including hippocampus and striatum. These results suggest MOF-74-Mg is a potential NC for high brain Met accumulation, real-time imaging, and prolonged and sustained release of Met and other neurotherapeutic agents that are challenging to deliver using traditional carriers and administration routes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.