ArticleClinical cardiology2025
Comparative Effectiveness of Calcium-Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Diuretics on Cardiovascular Events Likelihood in Hypertensive African-American and Non-Hispanic Caucasians: A Retrospective Study Across HCA Healthcare.
Article in Clinical cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antihypertensive Plants Used by the Anak Dalam Tribe in Jambi, Indonesia: Ethnobotanical Insights and Pharmacological Potential as Alternatives to Conventional Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Phytochemical Profiling of Processed Açaí Pulp (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension, a leading global risk factor for mortality and disability, disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. Our study investigates the association between the type of prior antihypertensive medication use and the likelihood of cardiovascular events (CVE) and assesses whether the patient's race influences this relationship.
methodsA retrospective study of 14 836 hypertension cases aged ≥ 40 years was conducted using data from HCA Healthcare between 2017 and 2023. Logistic regression was employed to predict the likelihood of CVE and mortality at admission, adjusting for baseline comorbidities, with Race added as an effect modifier. Interaction analysis was performed among races based on antihypertensive medication types.
resultsAfrican American patients on ACE inhibitors (ACE) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were 1.7 times more likely to have cardiovascular events (CVE) compared to those on calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and 0.66 times as likely compared to diuretics. CCB users had a lower CVE risk than diuretic users. Among White patients, ACE/ARB users had a 1.18 times higher CVE risk than CCB users and 0.45 times lower compared to diuretics, while CCBs offered a 0.38 times lower risk than diuretics. Only ACE/ARB use showed significantly higher CVE odds for African Americans compared to White patients, with similar risks across racial groups for CCBs and diuretics.
conclusionPrior antihypertensive type significantly influenced CVE risk, with race as an effect modifier. CCB users had lower CVE odds than ACE/ARBs or diuretics, and ACE/ARBs showed reduced CVE likelihood compared to diuretics in both racial groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.