ArticleJournal of affective disorders2025
Vagus nerve stimulation rescues impaired fear extinction and social interaction in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Vitamin D-Gut-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bidirectional Crosstalk.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Renewal and reacquisition of substance-associated relapse.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Sex-dependent role of hippocampal BDNF and GSK-3β in mediating PTSD-like behaviors in both sexes of adolescent rats exposed to fear conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of anxiety disorders is highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Available treatments for anxiety offer limited efficacy in the ASD population. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has an anxiolytic effect in rats and, when coupled with fear extinction training, VNS enhances extinction of fear in healthy rats. The valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism shows impaired extinction of fear and deficits in social interaction. This study was designed to test the potential of VNS to rescue extinction learning and influence social behaviors in VPA-exposed rats. After VNS or sham surgery, VPA-exposed rats or controls were subjected to auditory fear conditioning followed by extinction training paired with VNS or sham stimulation. Another cohort was exposed to a social interaction task paired with VNS or sham stimulation. Time spent freezing was not significantly reduced during retention testing 24 h after extinction training in VPA-exposed rats given sham stimulation (p = .26), but freezing levels were significantly lower during the retention test in saline control and in VPA-VNS rats (p < .05), indicating that VNS reverses extinction deficits in VPA-exposed rats. In addition, social interaction scores were significantly lower in VPA-sham rats (p < .0005), but VPA-VNS rats were not significantly different from saline controls (p = .19), suggesting that VNS also alleviates social interaction deficits in VPA-exposed rats. VNS is approved for use in humans for treatment of epilepsy, depression, and stroke. These findings suggest that VNS may be a useful tool for overcoming treatment resistant anxiety in ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.