ArticleRMD open2025
Associations of infection burden with Kawasaki disease in a population-based setting during 30 years.
Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unravelling γδ T-cell dysregulation in the gut and its implications for immune-mediated diseases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Swedish Nationwide Study Found That Prematurity Was Associated With Kawasaki Disease.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Age-Specific Cardiovascular and Platelet Dynamics in Kawasaki Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Secretory Diarrhea Caused by Activating GUCY2C Mutation in a Patient With Atypical Kawasaki Disease: A Rare Case Report.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the role of infections in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.
methodsThe investigation was a nationwide epidemiological case-control study, comprising all cases of Kawasaki disease diagnosed in Sweden 1987-2018. Controls were randomly sampled from the general population, matched on sex, age, and area of residency. Data on infections were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register, which prospectively collects data on all Swedish residents. Infections were classified by organ system, infectious agent and by temporal proximity to Kawasaki disease diagnosis date. Prescription of antibiotics and infections in family members were also considered in separate analyses.
resultsThe study comprised n=1774 (61% male) cases and n=17 731 controls. Overall, a history of infections was associated with Kawasaki disease with an OR of 2.3 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.5). Respiratory, skin, urogenital and gastrointestinal tract infections were all associated with Kawasaki disease. Temporal stratification revealed a prominent clustering of infections during the weeks before a Kawasaki diagnosis, but also higher frequencies of infections several months preceding Kawasaki disease with OR ranging from 5.1 (95% CI 3.6 to 7.1) 15-28 days to 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) 181-365 days prior Kawasaki disease. A dose-response relationship was observed, with repeated infections associating with higher ORs of Kawasaki.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that infections are closely linked with Kawasaki disease, and with a wider temporal association than previously known. Further, the data imply that many different agents may induce the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.