Evidence mapPaperPMID 39839728Full record

ArticleAsia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing2025

Disparities in cancer-related financial toxicity across economically diverse provinces in China: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

Binbin Xu, Winnie K W So, Kai Chow Choi, Yu Huang, Mei Liu, Lanxiang Qiu, Jianghong Tan, Hua Tao, Keli Yan, Fei Yang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Binbin XuSchool of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Winnie K W SoThe Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Kai Chow ChoiThe Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yu HuangThe Nursing Department of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Mei LiuThe Infection Control Department of Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
Lanxiang QiuThe Nursing Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Jianghong TanThe Nursing Department of Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China.
Hua TaoThe Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Keli YanThe Internal Medicine Nursing Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Fei YangThe Nursing Department of Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital, Nanjing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: China's diverse economic landscape across its regions may contribute to disparities in cancer-related financial toxicity (FT), but empirical evidence is lacking. This study examined regional disparities in cancer-related FT across economically diverse provinces in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with cancer from six tertiary and six secondary hospitals across three Chinese provinces with varying economic statuses (high-, middle-, and low-income). FT was assessed using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST). Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to compare FT among participants from different economic regions, controlling for 13 patient-level sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. Results: From February to October 2022, 1208 participants completed the survey (response rate ​= ​97.3%). Mean COST scores were 21.99 ​± ​6.37 (high-income), 20.38 ​± ​8.01 (middle-income), and 19.20 ​± ​5.14 (low-income), showing significant differences ( Conclusions: This study reveals significant disparities in cancer-related FT across economically diverse provinces in China. The findings underscore the need for targeted policies and interventions to improve health equity in cancer care, with a focus on not neglecting middle-income regions. Oncology nurses are expected to enhance awareness of FT management, voice the needs of patients, and advocate for policy reforms to address these disparities.

Indexed as

CancerChinaFinancial toxicityHealth equityRegional disparities

Identifiers

PMID39839728
PMCPMC11750286

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.