Trial reportJournal of the American College of Surgeons2025
Irreversible Electroporation and Beta-Glucan-Induced Trained Innate Immunity for Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Phase II Study.
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03080974 (Immunotherapy and Irreversible Electroporation in the Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunotherapy and Irreversible Electroporation in the Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fungal β-1,3-glucans: Cell Wall Constituents That Promote Gut Health Through Innate Immune Modulation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Neutrophils and Mononuclear Phagocytes: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Functions.Cells · 2026Review
- Synergistic immunomodulation: integrating physical ablation with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural polysaccharides as immune adjuvants to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance: mechanistic insights, clinical evidence, and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- High-voltage electrical pulses for pancreatic cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Review
- Recent Advances of Trained immunity in Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIrreversible electroporation (IRE) has augmented the effects of certain immunotherapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Yeast-derived particulate beta-glucan induces trained innate immunity and successfully reduced murine pancreatic cancer burden. This is a phase II study to test the hypothesis that IRE may augment beta-glucan-induced trained immunity in patients with PDA. STUDY
designIn this phase II clinical trial (NCT03080974), surgical ablative IRE was performed on clinical stage III PDA followed by oral beta-glucan administration for 12 months or until disease recurrence. Peripheral blood was taken preoperative, 14 days, and every 3 months and was evaluated by mass cytometry and compared with patients who received IRE alone.
resultsThirty consecutive patients with preoperative clinical stage III PDA were treated with IRE and then initiated on oral beta-glucan postoperatively were compared with 20 patients treated with IRE alone. There were no dose-limiting toxicities with oral beta-glucan, and compliance with therapy was 96% in all patients. Seven patients (23%) developed grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events at 90 days; none required a dose modification of oral beta-glucan. A median disease-free interval (DFI) was 18 months (range 6 to 48 months), with a median overall survival (OS) of 32.5 months (range 4 to 53 months). At 12 months post-IRE, immunophenotyping was demonstrated a significant effect with improvement in the IRE-beta-glucan-treated group. This also resulted in a significant decrease on naive CD4 and CD8 T cells with increased CD4 and CD8 terminal effector cells in the IRE-beta-glucan-treated group, which correlated with a significant improvement in DFI and OS (p = 0.001).
conclusionsCombined beta-glucan with IRE-ablated PDA tumor cells elicited a potent trained response and augmented antitumor functionality at 12 months post-IRE, which translated into an improved DFI and OS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.