ArticleNature communications2025
Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breastfeeding in infancy confers sex-specific, long-term protection against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and adverse liver outcomes.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The Convergent Immunopathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Epigenetic Reprogramming in Chronic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Numerous risk factors for oesophageal cancer are linked to lifestyle habits, but the role of early-life factors in its incidence and mortality is unclear. Using UK Biobank data, we explore the association among breastfeeding, maternal smoking, smoking in offspring, and oesophageal cancer risk in adult offspring via multivariable Cox regression. Here, we show that being breastfed, compared with not being breastfed, is associated with a lower risk of oesophageal cancer incidence (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98) and mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.89) in adult offspring. Additionally, it is associated with a reduced impact of smoking in offspring on oesophageal cancer incidence (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.96) and mortality (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91). We subsequently construct a polygenic risk score for oesophageal cancer to explore the influence of genetic factors. Our findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding, and smoking cessation to prevent oesophageal cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.