Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843610›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Identification of promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor through molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and ADMET analysis.

Ganesh Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Sharma, Taha Alqahtani, Yewulsew Kebede Tiruneh, Sharifa Sultana, Gabriel Vinícius Rolim Silva, Gabriela de Lima Menezes, Magdi E A Zaki, Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ganesh SharmaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, 313002, India. ganeshsharma15101998@gmail.com.
Neeraj KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, 313002, India.
Chandra Shekhar SharmaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, 313002, India.
Taha AlqahtaniDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Yewulsew Kebede TirunehDepartment: Biology, Biomedical Sciences stream Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O.Box=79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. yewult82@gmail.com.
Sharifa SultanaDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, RN, Brazil.
Gabriel Vinícius Rolim SilvaDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, RN, Brazil.
Gabriela de Lima MenezesDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, RN, Brazil.
Magdi E A ZakiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mezaki@imamu.edu.sa.
Jonas Ivan Nobre OliveiraDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, RN, Brazil. jonasivan@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a major challenge to global health. Targeting the main protease of the virus (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication and transcription, offers a promising approach for therapeutic intervention. In this study, advanced computational techniques such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to screen a series of antiviral compounds for their potential inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. A comprehensive analysis of compounds from the ChemDiv and PubChem databases was performed. The physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profiles were evaluated to determine drug similarity and safety. Compound 4896 - 4038 proved to be the most promising candidate. It exhibited a favorable balance between molecular weight (491.06) and lipophilicity (logP 3.957), high intestinal absorption (92.119%), and broad tissue distribution (VDss of 0.529), indicating good oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Molecular docking studies showed that 4896 - 4038 has a strong binding affinity to the active site of Mpro and forms key interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, pi-sulfur, and multiple van der Waals and pi-pi stacked bonds. The binding energy was comparable to that of the reference drug X77, indicating potential efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations over 300 ns confirmed the stability of the Mpro/4896 - 4038 complex of protein-ligand. Free energy landscape mapping and MM/PBSA calculations further substantiated the favorable binding and stability of the complex. Importantly, 4896 - 4038 exhibited a comparatively favorable safety profile. In summary, compound 4896 - 4038 shows significant potential as a potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor, combining potent inhibitory activity with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. These results support the further development of 4896 - 4038 as a promising therapeutic agent in the fight against COVID-19 that warrants experimental validation and clinical investigation.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesProtease InhibitorsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentHumansMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationPandemicsAntiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesProtease Inhibitors3CLproCOVID-19Molecular DockingMolecular dynamics, ADMETMproSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39843610
PMCPMC11754916

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.