Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39844082›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Time to first antenatal care visit and its predictors among women in Kenya: Weibull gamma shared frailty model (based on the recent 2022 KDHS data).

Bizunesh Fantahun Kase, Beminate Lemma Seifu, Kusse Urmale Mare, Abdu Hailu Shibeshi, Hiwot Altaye Asebe, Kebede Gemeda, Zufan Alamrie Asmare, Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Bezawit Melak Fente, Afework Alemu Lombebo and 1 more

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Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bizunesh Fantahun KaseDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia. bezuneshf656@gmail.com.
Beminate Lemma SeifuDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Kusse Urmale MareDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Abdu Hailu ShibeshiDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Hiwot Altaye AsebeDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Kebede GemedaDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Zufan Alamrie AsmareDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Yordanos Sisay AsgedomDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia.
Bezawit Melak FenteDepartment of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Afework Alemu LombeboSchool of Medicine, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia.
Tsion Mulat TebejeSchool of Public Health, College of health sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe first trimester of pregnancy is critical for fetal development, making early antenatal care visits essential for timely check-ups and managing potential complications. However, delayed antenatal care initiation remains a public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and provide up-to-date information on time to first antenatal care visit and its predictors among women in Kenya, using data from the most recent 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS).

methodsThis community-based cross-sectional study analyzed data from 19,530 birth histories in the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). The primary outcome was the timing of the first antenatal care (ANC) visit, classified as timely if it occurred in the first trimester. Shared frailty survival models were used to account for the hierarchical data structure and unobserved heterogeneity, with the Weibull gamma model identified as the best fit based on Information Criteria (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Variables with p < 0.2 entered multivariable analysis, and results were reported as Adjusted Hazard Ratios (AHR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) using the Weibull gamma model.

resultsThe study found that the median time for the first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Kenya was four months. Significant predictors of ANC timing included women's age (35-49 years: AHR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.95), education level (higher: AHR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.17-1.78), media exposure (yes: AHR 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05-1.39), parity (four or more children: AHR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72-0.91), wealth status (richest: AHR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.63-2.43), desire for more children (did not want more: AHR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.54-0.77), residence (rural: AHR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.07-1.39), and religion (Islam: AHR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64-0.89).

conclusionThe median time for the first ANC visit exceeds the World Health Organization's recommendation of initiating care within the first trimester. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote timely ANC, especially among women with limited media exposure, high parity, lower socioeconomic status, and specific religious followers.

Indexed as

Patient Acceptance of Health CarePrenatal CareAdolescentAdultBayes TheoremCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansKenyaMiddle AgedPregnancyPregnancy Trimester, FirstTime FactorsYoung AdultFirst antenatal care visitKenyaWeibull gamma shared frailty model

Identifiers

PMID39844082
PMCPMC11752801

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.