ReviewInternational journal of psychiatry in medicine2025
Cardiovascular disease and bipolar disorder: A review of pathophysiology and treatment implications.
Review in International journal of psychiatry in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Risk of heart failure in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress biomarkers across mood episodes in bipolar disorder: potential roles of TrxR1 and PRDX1.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood RNA-seq analysis in bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: modest influence of antipsychotic treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDespite the well-established increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases have been largely overlooked in this population. This manuscript reviews the pathophysiological basis of the connection between BD and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting their shared mechanisms, reciprocal interactions, and relevant prevention and treatment strategies.
methodsFor this narrative review, a search was carried out on PubMed using the keywords bipolar disorder, cardiovascular diseases, and cardiovascular risk factors.
resultsThe increased frequency of cardiovascular morbidity in BD can be attributed to overlapping biological and psychosocial mechanisms. These mechanisms are complex and involve both direct effects of BD and indirect effects mediated by lifestyle and pharmacological factors. Cardiovascular diseases also significantly exacerbate the clinical course of BD and increase morbidity and healthcare costs; thus, their effective management can improve psychiatric outcomes and vice versa. However, patients with BD frequently encounter healthcare barriers.
conclusionAwareness initiatives and research on integrated care are needed to determine the best strategies for improving cardiovascular and psychiatric outcomes in individuals with BD.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.