ArticleThe European respiratory journal2025
The blood transcriptional response in patients developing intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and ICU-acquired infection in critically Ill patients without infection: a competing risks analysis from a retrospective cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Context-specific regulatory genetic variation in MTOR dampens neutrophil-T cell crosstalk in pneumonia-associated sepsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond immunosuppression: decoding systemic immune dysregulation in ICU-acquired pneumonia.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune response dysregulation has been implicated in the development of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. We aimed to determine differences in the longitudinal blood transcriptional response between patients who develop ICU-acquired pneumonia (cases) and those who do not (controls).
methodsWe performed a case-cohort study in mechanically ventilated trauma and surgery patients with ICU stays >2 days, enrolled in 30 hospitals across Europe. We collected blood for RNA sequencing at baseline, day 7 and (in cases) the day of pneumonia diagnosis. We performed gene set enrichment analysis and analysed longitudinal gene expression changes using linear mixed models. External validation was performed using an independent trauma cohort.
resultsWe enrolled 113 cases and 115 controls, with similar baseline characteristics. At baseline (median 2 days after ICU admission), cases showed upregulated gene pathways relating to innate immunity, haemostasis and metabolism, and downregulated adaptive immune pathways. These changes persisted at the day of pneumonia diagnosis (median 6 days, compared to day 7 in controls). In the longitudinal comparison, cases exhibited enhanced upregulation of innate immunity, adaptive immunity and haemostasis pathways, along with enhanced downregulation of metabolism pathways, relative to controls (all p<0.00001, except haemostasis p<0.05). These findings were largely externally validated. Cases had higher quantitative sepsis response signature scores (p<0.001), reflective of immune dysregulation.
conclusionPatients developing ICU-acquired pneumonia exhibit distinct blood transcriptional responses shortly after ICU admission and in the subsequent path to pneumonia, suggestive of broad immune dysfunction with both immunosuppressive and inflammatory features.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.