Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39848784›Full record

ReviewNanomedicine (London, England)2025

Phytochemical-based nanosystems: recent advances and emerging application in antiviral photodynamic therapy.

Yan Shan Loo, Nur Aininie Yusoh, Wai Feng Lim, Chen Seng Ng, N Idayu Zahid, Intan Diana Mat Azmi, Thiagarajan Madheswaran, Tze Yan Lee

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yan Shan LooDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-9220-9685
Nur Aininie YusohDepartment of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institution of Radiology and Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0009-0006-4345-9745
Wai Feng LimSunway Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-8495-4551
Chen Seng NgSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
N Idayu ZahidCentre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4912-0850
Intan Diana Mat AzmiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-0168-3232
Thiagarajan MadheswaranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-5049-0659
Tze Yan LeeClinical Laboratory Science Section, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-9780-5248

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phytochemicals are typically natural bioactive compounds or metabolites produced by plants. Phytochemical-loaded nanocarrier systems, designed to overcome bioavailability limitations and enhance therapeutic effects, have garnered significant attention in recent years. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has intensified interest in the therapeutic application of phytochemicals to combat viral infections. This review explores nanoparticle-based treatment strategies incorporating phytochemicals for antiviral application, highlighting their demonstrated antiviral mechanisms. It specifically examines the antiviral activities of phytochemical-loaded nanosystems against (i) influenza virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); (ii) mosquito-borne viruses [dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV)]; and (iii) sexually transmitted/blood borne viruses [e.g. herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. Furthermore, this review highlights the emerging role of these nanosystems in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated attenuation of viral proliferation, and offers a perspective on the future directions of research in this promising area of multimodal therapeutic approach.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsNanoparticlesPhotochemotherapyPhytochemicalsVirus DiseasesAnimalsCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentHumansSARS-CoV-2Antiviral AgentsPhytochemicalsantiviralinfectionnanoparticlesphotodynamic therapyPhytochemicalvirus

Identifiers

PMID39848784
PMCPMC11812329

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.