ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
The value of growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker for peripheral artery disease in diabetes patients.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Link Between Obesity, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Enhanced Prediction of Peripheral Artery Disease Using Plasma Proteomics Among Individuals Without Diabetes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts physical function impairment in Spanish older adults: a real-world prospective study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Burden and Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Hepatic mitochondrial signaling as a systemic hub: inter-organ communication networks in aging and aging-related diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Peripheral Artery Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Emerging Roles of GDF15 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is significantly correlated with glycolipid metabolic disorders. Increased GDF15 levels are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes as well as a poorer diabetes progression and prognosis. This is a prospective cohort study investigated the association between circulating GDF15 and diabetic peripheral artery disease.
methodsA total of 174 diabetic patients aged 20-80 were enrolled. Plasma GDF15 levels were measured using ELISA. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) was evaluated with the Ankle brachial index (ABI) and the Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).
resultsWe found that diabetic patients with higher serum GDF15 levels (mean: 2521.5 pg/mL) had a higher incidence of peripheral artery disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with high serum GDF15 levels were at an increased risk of developing peripheral artery disease. High GDF15 levels were associated with ABI < 0.9 (right and left mean 19.5% p = 0.80, OR:1.13; 95%CI: [0.44-2.90]). Increased age (p = 0.025 OR:1.02; 95% CI [0.13-0.87]), family history (p = 0.001 OR:1.37; 95%CI: [0.37-5.05]), heart failure (p = 0.002 OR:4.96; 95%CI: [1.76-13.97]), sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor use (p = 0.026), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = < 0.001), and uric acid (p = < 0.001) was also positively associated with high GDF15 levels. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (p = < 0.010) was associated with higher GDF15 levels after one year of follow up.
conclusionsElevated GDF15 was significantly associated with worsening metabolic parameters and an increased risk of peripheral artery disease. Thus, it may be a stronger predictor of these outcomes in people with diabetes.
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