ArticleJournal of traditional and complementary medicine2024
Cannabidiol suppresses proliferation and induces cell death, autophagy and senescence in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Article in Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Comparative Analysis of the Action Mechanisms of Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, and Cannabinol in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol exerts antiinflammatory effects but maintains T effector memory cell differentiation in humans.JCI insight · 2026Article
- mTOR signaling in cholangiocarcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol (CBD) as a novel inhibitor of HLA-G expression in human choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The protective role of cannabidiol in stress-induced liver injury: modulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Gemcitabine Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Exploring cannabinoid modulation on autophagy mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and aim: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is usually diagnosed at a late stage, leading to treatment failure. Cannabidiol (CBD), exhibits diverse anti-cancer effects in various cancers, offering avenues for improving CCA treatment. This study investigated the effects of CBD on human CCA cells and the underlying mechanisms Experimental procedure: The effects of CBD on three CCA cell lines (KKU-213B, KKU-100, KKU-055) were assessed using the SRB assay, clonogenic assay, cell cycle arrest, and 3D holotomography. Morphological changes were examined using transmission electron microscopy, while mitochondrial ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were studied using MitoSOX, JC-1, and DCFH-DA. Cellular senescence induction was evaluated via SA-β-gal staining. Protein associatedwith autophagy and cellular senescence were analyzed using Western blot and/or immunofluorescent assays. A xenograft model demonstrated the anti-tumor activity of CBD and the induction of cellular senescence through immunohistochemistry targeting PCNA, β-gal, and p21. Results and conclusion: CBD effectively inhibited CCA cell proliferation, suppressed colony formation and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Morphological examination revealed lipid droplets/vesicles in CCA cell lines. CBD induced autophagy by upregulating LC3BII, downregulating p62, and inhibiting the
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.