Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39853343›Full record

ArticleNeuroradiology2025

Perivascular and parenchymal brain fluid diffusivity in patients with a recent small subcortical infarct.

Salvatore Rudilosso, Emma Muñoz-Moreno, Carlos Laredo, Angels Calvet, Alejandro Rodríguez-Vázquez, Andres Girona, Maria Dels Angels Calderon, Federico Zarco, Francisco Gil-López, Adrià Arboix and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neuroradiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The enigma of vascular dementia: current state and emerging perspectives.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Salvatore RudilossoComprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. srudilos@clinic.cat.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-6884
Emma Muñoz-MorenoAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-7265
Carlos LaredoAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4626-6360
Angels CalvetAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Alejandro Rodríguez-VázquezComprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-9778
Andres GironaComprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Maria Dels Angels CalderonFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Federico ZarcoDepartment of Radiology, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-655X
Francisco Gil-LópezDepartment of Neurology, Grupo Quirónsalud, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-5933
Adrià ArboixDepartment of Neurology, Grupo Quirónsalud, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-7881
Maria Valdes HernandezCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-6546
Roberto Duarte CoelloCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-2163
Xabier UrraComprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4763-5252
Joanna M WardlawCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9812-6642
Ángel ChamorroComprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-5340

Funding

Instituto de Salud Carlos III JR21/00011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeFluid exchanges between perivascular spaces (PVS) and interstitium may contribute to the pathophysiology of small vessel disease (SVD). We aimed to analyze water diffusivity measures and their relationship with PVS and other SVD imaging markers.

methodsWe enrolled 50 consecutive patients with a recent small subcortical infarct. We collected clinical variables, including vascular risk factors and sleep quality scales. All patients underwent a 3-Tesla MRI with standard structural sequences and multishell-diffusion images to obtain extracellular free water content (FW) and water diffusivity along the perivascular space (ALPS) index. We obtained volumetric measurements of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and PVS, and the number of lacunes and microbleeds. To analyze the association between PVS, ALPS index, FW, and SVD imaging features, we utilized linear regression models including age, sex, history of hypertension and diabetes, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, WMH, and brain volume.

resultsAll patients (mean age 70 years, 36% women) had usable data. FW and PVS were strongly associated in all models (0.008 < Beta < 0.054; P < 0.045). Higher FW was related to the other SVD features in univariable models and remained significant for WMH (1.175 < Beta < 1.262; P < 0.001) and brain volume (Beta < 0.0001; P < 0.002) in multivariable models. ALPS index was not associated with FW, PVS, or any other SVD markers.

conclusionsThe increased extracellular water in SVD suggests that impaired brain fluid exchanges, PVS dilation, and other SVD features are linked. Further investigation is needed to determine the specificity of the ALPS index to PVS diffusion.

Indexed as

Cerebral InfarctionCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingGlymphatic SystemAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedDiffusivityGlymphaticLacunar strokePerivascular spacesSmall vessel disease

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.