Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39853613›Full record

ArticleESC heart failure2025

Frailty determinants in heart failure: Inflammatory markers, cognitive impairment and psychosocial interaction.

Marta Wleklik, Christopher S Lee, Łukasz Lewandowski, Michał Czapla, Maria Jędrzejczyk, Heba Aldossary, Izabella Uchmanowicz

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ESC heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marta WleklikDivision of Research Methodology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Christopher S LeeBoston College William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
Łukasz LewandowskiDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Michał CzaplaDivision of Scientific Research and Innovation in Emergency Medical Service, Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Maria JędrzejczykDivision of Research Methodology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Heba AldossaryPrince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Izabella UchmanowiczDivision of Research Methodology, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki OPUS 22 OPUS.E250.22.003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis study aimed to identify factors associated with frailty in heart failure (HF) patients, focusing on demographic, biochemical and health-related variables. It also explored the correlation between frailty and comorbidities such as malnutrition, cognitive impairment and depression, assessing how these factors interact to influence frailty risk.

methodsA total of 250 HF patients (mean age 73.5 ± 7.2 years; 45.6% female) hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were included. Frailty was assessed using Fried phenotype criteria. Cognitive function, depression and nutritional status were evaluated using validated instruments [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)]. Biochemical markers included C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were performed to assess associations and odds ratios (ORs) for frailty, adjusted for inflammation and HF type.

resultsFrailty was present in 60.4% of patients. Frail individuals exhibited significantly higher CRP (median 4.60 vs. 2.54 mg/L, P < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (median 2558.8 vs. 1102.6 pg/mL, P = 0.001) and lower haemoglobin (13.7 vs. 14.3 g/dL, P = 0.012), eGFR (62 vs. 71 mL/min/1.73 m

conclusionsFrailty in HF is influenced by inflammatory markers, cognitive impairment and psychosocial factors. Elevated CRP and NT-proBNP were strong predictors of frailty. Cognitive impairment and depression were key modifiable factors, interacting with BMI, adherence and obesity. Targeting these factors with early interventions could mitigate frailty risk, improving outcomes and quality of life in HF patients.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionFrailtyHeart FailureInflammationAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansMaleNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide FragmentsRisk FactorsBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide Fragmentspro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)adherencecognitive impairmentCRPfrailtyheart failureNT‐proBNP

Identifiers

PMID39853613
PMCPMC12055405

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.