Evidence mapPaperPMID 39856142Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

In vivo and in silico study of europinidin against streptozotocin-isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage via alteration of hs-CRP/CPK-MB/Caspase-3/Bcl-2 pathways.

Khalid Saad Alharbi, Muhammad Afzal, Fahad A Al-Abbasi, Ehssan Moglad, Salwa D Al-Qahtani, Naif A R Almalki, Faisal Imam, Nadeem Sayyed, Imran Kazmi

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Khalid Saad AlharbiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad AfzalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad A Al-AbbasiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Ehssan MogladDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Salwa D Al-QahtaniDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Naif A R AlmalkiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal ImamDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Nadeem SayyedSchool of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, 247121, India. snadeem.pharma@gmail.com.
Imran KazmiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. ikazmi@kau.edu.sa.

Funding

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia RSPD2024R939
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Europinidin is a novel anthocyanidin found in the petals of Plumbago europea that exhibits several physiological effects. Research was conducted to assess europinidin's cardioprotective efficacy in a diabetic and myocardial infarction (MI) experimental model. Rat was injected through the intraperitoneal administration of 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ), while MI was induced by subcutaneously administering 85 mg/kg of isoproterenol (ISP) at 24 and 48 h prior to the sacrifice procedure. Europinidin 10 and 20 mg/day was administered orally for 4 weeks after validation of diabetes (glucose > 250 mg/dl) on the 7th day. Experimental rats were randomly allocated to control, STZ-ISP control, STZ-ISP + europinidin-10 mg, STZ-ISP + europinidin-20 mg and europinidin 20 mg perse group. Biochemicals parameters including anti-diabetic (Glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin), cardiac markers (hs-CRP, CPK-MB), dyslipidaemia (lipid analysis), anti-inflammatory (IL6, TNF-α and IL-β), oxidative stress (MDA) and antioxidant (SOD, CAT and GSH), kidney function (creatinine), liver function (AST) and pancreatic function (lipase) along with apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, caspase-3) were evaluated. In addition, histopathological indices of heart injury were investigated. In addition, molecular docking (AUTODOCK Tools 1.5.6.) and dynamics were performed. Europinidin (10 and 20 mg/day) reduced blood glucose, HbA1c, hs-CRP, and CPK-MB. It improved serum insulin, blood lipid profile and reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-β), oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH). Europinidin also protected renal, hepatic functions and restored apoptosis markers (increased Bcl-2, decreased caspase-3 levels). Histopathological analysis demonstrated a reduced extent of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. Europinidin binds in silico to proteins 1NME, 1I0E, 3I2Y and 4AQ3 with energies of -7.038, -6.682, -8.6 and - 8.761 kcal/mol, respectively. While molecular dynamics simulation studies supported the interactions of europinidin with important therapeutic target proteins. Europinidin demonstrates significant cardioprotective and anti-diabetic potential in a diabetic MI experimental model.

Indexed as

AnthocyaninsMyocardial InfarctionAnimalsApoptosisCardiotonic AgentsCaspase 3Computer SimulationDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalIsoproterenolMaleMolecular Docking SimulationMyocardiumOxidative StressProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2RatsRats, WistarAnthocyaninsBcl2 protein, ratCardiotonic AgentsCaspase 3IsoproterenolProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2StreptozocinDiabetesDocking studyEuropinidinIsoproterenolMyocardial infarctionStreptozotocin

Identifiers

PMID39856142
PMCPMC11761472

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.