Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39856714›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Biomechanical models in the lower-limb exoskeletons development: a review.

Vahid Firouzi, Andre Seyfarth, Seungmoon Song, Oskar von Stryk, Maziar Ahmad Sharbafi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  14. Impact of sole designs of offloading AFO on gait dynamics: a predictive neuromechanical simulation study.Proceedings of the ... IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics. IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vahid FirouziDepartment of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt , Germany. vahid.firouzi@tu-darmstadt.de.
Andre SeyfarthInstitute of Sport Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt , Germany.
Seungmoon SongDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Oskar von StrykDepartment of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt , Germany.
Maziar Ahmad SharbafiInstitute of Sport Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt , Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 450821862
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lower limb exoskeletons serve multiple purposes, like supporting and augmenting movement. Biomechanical models are practical tools to understand human movement, and motor control. This paper provides an overview of these models and a comprehensive review of the current applications of them in assistive device development. It also critically analyzes the existing literature to identify research gaps and suggest future directions. Biomechanical models can be broadly classified as conceptual and detailed models and can be used for the design, control, and assessment of exoskeletons. Also, these models can estimate unmeasurable or hard-to-measure variables, which is also useful within the aforementioned applications. We identified the validation of simulation studies and the enhancement of the accuracy and fidelity of biomechanical models as key future research areas for advancing the development of assistive devices. Additionally, we suggest using exoskeletons as a tool to validate and refine these models. We also emphasize the exploration of model-based design and control approaches for exoskeletons targeting pathological gait, and utilizing biomechanical models for diverse design objectives of exoskeletons. In addition, increasing the availability of open source resources accelerates the advancement of the exoskeleton and biomechanical models. Although biomechanical models are widely applied to improve movement assistance and rehabilitation, their full potential in developing human-compatible exoskeletons remains underexplored and requires further investigation. This review aims to reveal existing needs and cranks new perspectives for developing more effective exoskeletons based on biomechanical models.

Indexed as

Exoskeleton DeviceLower ExtremityModels, BiologicalBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansAssistive deviceBiomechanical modelExoskeletonLower-limbNeuromuscular model

Identifiers

PMID39856714
PMCPMC11761726

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.