ArticleMicrobiome2025
Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.
Article in Microbiome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining Relationships Between Multiple Adverse Social Determinants of Health, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Timing of Solid Food Introduction, and Breastfeeding Duration Among Black or African American Women.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2026Article
- Early-life colonization withScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis: risks and strategies for mitigation.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Effect of perinatal ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate exposure on maternal and infant gut microbiome, metabolome, and infant responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
- Nutritional bioactives for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in children: microbiome-mediated mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Microbial metabolites at the nexus of gut-brain communication and neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- The impact of antibiotic exposure on obesity and metabolic phenotypes via the gut microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Trends in primary care antibiotic prescribing during the implementation of national stewardship policies: Türkiye, 2011-2019.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Effect of Perinatal Ampicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Exposure on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Infant Responses to the 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Continuous Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Vesicoureteral Reflux: Impact on the Pediatric Microbiome-A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Next-generation enteric neuroscience - fostering the future of the field.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The effect of Akkermansia in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Microbial beginnings: determinants and disruptions of the neonatal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe evolving infant gut microbiome influences host immune development and later health outcomes. Early antibiotic exposure could impact microbiome development and contribute to poor outcomes. Here, we use a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of n = 323 healthy term African American children to determine the association between antibiotic exposure and the gut microbiome through shotgun metagenomics sequencing as well as bile acid profiles through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
resultsStool samples were collected at ages 4, 12, and 24 months for antibiotic-exposed (n = 170) and unexposed (n = 153) participants. A short-term substudy (n = 39) collected stool samples at first exposure, and over 3 weeks following antibiotics initiation. Antibiotic exposure (predominantly amoxicillin) was associated with minimal microbiome differences, whereas all tested taxa were modified by breastfeeding. In the short-term substudy, we observed microbiome differences only in the first 2 weeks following antibiotics initiation, mainly a decrease in Bifidobacterium bifidum. The differences did not persist a month after antibiotic exposure. Four species were associated with infant age. Antibiotic exposure was not associated with an increase in antibiotic resistance gene abundance or with differences in microbiome-derived fecal bile acid composition.
conclusionsShort-term and long-term gut microbiome perturbations by antibiotic exposure were detectable but substantially smaller than those associated with breastfeeding and infant age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.