Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39857166›Full record

ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Multidimensional Demographic Analyses of COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Seyed M Karimi, Sirajum Munira Khan, Mana Moghadami, Md Yasin Ali Parh, Shaminul H Shakib, Hamid Zarei, Sepideh Poursafargholi, Bert B Little

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Seyed M KarimiDepartment of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3796-8141
Sirajum Munira KhanDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Mana MoghadamiDepartment of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Md Yasin Ali ParhDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6286-3667
Shaminul H ShakibDepartment of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-8268-5984
Hamid ZareiDepartment of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Sepideh PoursafargholiDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Bert B LittleDepartment of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6485-4641

Funding

University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health SciencesP30ES030283 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI Amanda Jo LeBlanc · 2020 to 2026
$10.0M
Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness (LMPHW) OGMB220965NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES030283
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCOVID-19 vaccination uptake is associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity-race in the United States (U.S.). Prior research predominantly analyzed COVID-19 vaccination uptake unidimensionally, limiting insights into multidimensional demographic inequalities. Multidimensional studies provide a closer insight into vaccination inequality and assist in designing more effective vaccination strategies.

objectivesReview descriptive studies of the COVID-19 vaccination uptake across combinations of at least two of the three key demographic characteristics: age, sex, and ethnicity-race in the U.S.

methodsA systematic review was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR principles for reporting. Six impartial reviewers examined all of the papers. The data were obtained using a tailored data extraction template.

resultsA total of 2793 records were initially downloaded, 461 of them were dropped for duplication, and 2332 were reviewed. Based on the title and abstract reviews, 2115 records were excluded. After reviewing the full text of the remaining records, 212 more records were excluded. The remaining six records were reviewed to identify and compare their population, study period, data, the studied dose number, methodology, and results.

conclusionsMultidimensional COVID-19 vaccine uptake analyses are rare and mostly focused on the dose-one vaccination. Improving researchers' access to immunization registry data while preserving data security is a prerequisite for such analyses.

Indexed as

ageCOVID-19 vaccinationethnicityinequalityracesex

Identifiers

PMID39857166
PMCPMC11765134

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.