Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39857603›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2024

Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Insufficiency, and Inflammatory Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions.

John Dawi, Yura Misakyan, Stephen Affa, Samuel Kades, Ananya Narasimhan, Fouad Hajjar, Max Besser, Kevin Tumanyan, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

John DawiCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1860-3697
Yura MisakyanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Stephen AffaDepartment of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering, Los Angeles Valley College, Valley Glen, CA 91401, USA.
Samuel KadesCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Ananya NarasimhanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Fouad HajjarCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Max BesserCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Kevin TumanyanCollege of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Vishwanath VenketaramanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2586-1160

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS R15 HL143545NIH-NHLBI 2R15HL143545-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated with oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. This imbalance contributes to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and complications in organs like the vasculature and nervous system. Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, is crucial for neutralizing ROS, but GSH levels are notably low in T2DM, exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels further intensify inflammation and oxidative stress, disrupting insulin signaling and worsening complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. While lifestyle modifications and antioxidant supplementation are current approaches for managing oxidative stress, their effectiveness in preventing complications remains under study. Recent investigations suggest that GSH and Vitamin D3 supplementation may offer dual-action benefits, as Vitamin D3 not only has anti-inflammatory properties but also promotes GSH synthesis. This dual action helps mitigate both oxidative stress and inflammation, addressing key pathological features of T2DM. This review highlights the complex interactions between oxidative stress, GSH insufficiency, and IL-6, and emphasizes the potential of targeted therapies to improve the management and outcomes of T2DM.

Indexed as

GSHIL-6ROST2DMVitamin D3β-cells

Identifiers

PMID39857603
PMCPMC11762874

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.