Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39857737›Full record

ArticleBiomedicines2025

Humoral and Cellular Immunity After Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon Beta and Dimethyl Fumarate.

Marcin Bazylewicz, Monika Zajkowska, Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk, Rafał Kułakowski, Jan Mroczko, Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel, Joanna Kulikowska-Łoś, Agata Czarnowska, Barbara Mroczko, Jan Kochanowicz and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Marcin BazylewiczDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6311-713X
Monika ZajkowskaDepartment of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5179-0722
Monika Gudowska-SawczukDepartment of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4854-7155
Rafał KułakowskiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Jan MroczkoDepartment of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
Dagmara Mirowska-GuzelDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6294-3256
Joanna Kulikowska-ŁośDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Agata CzarnowskaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2920-1271
Barbara MroczkoDepartment of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4075-8479
Jan KochanowiczDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Alina KułakowskaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.

Funding

Medical University of Białystok B.SUB.24.440Medical University of Białystok B.SUB.24.503
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe impact of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 on the immunity of patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is still not fully known. Further clarification could help address medical concerns related to the use of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications, known as disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), in PwMS, as well as ensure adequate protection against severe outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response in PwMS treated with DMTs.

methodsThe concentrations of IgG Spike (S) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and IgG Nucleocapsid (N) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, as well as interferon-gamma

resultsAlmost 100% of PwMS experienced seroconversion, which resulted from either vaccination and/or prior infection. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of IgG (S) and (N) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. However, interferon-gamma titers were lower in both PwMS groups, which may indicate adequate humoral and decreased cellular response to the examined PwMS. Additionally, after the division of the whole study group into two subgroups according to the time since the last vaccination, IgG (S) anti-SARS-CoV-2 and

conclusionsThis could indicate a time-related decrease in immunity in PwMS treated with DMTs.

Indexed as

cellularCOVID-19humoralimmunitymultiple sclerosisSARS-CoV-2vaccine

Identifiers

PMID39857737
PMCPMC11763107

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.