Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39858008›Full record

ReviewCancers2025

Unmasking Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in United States Chordoma Clinical Trials: Systematic Review.

Ali Haider Bangash, Jessica Ryvlin, Vikram Chakravarthy, Oluwaseun O Akinduro, Patricia L Zadnik Sullivan, Tianyi Niu, Michael A Galgano, John H Shin, Ziya L Gokaslan, Mitchell S Fourman and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ali Haider BangashSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8256-3194
Jessica RyvlinSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Vikram ChakravarthyDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Oluwaseun O AkinduroDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Patricia L Zadnik SullivanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Tianyi NiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Michael A GalganoDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2816-0474
John H ShinDepartment of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Ziya L GokaslanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Mitchell S FourmanSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5886-546X
Yaroslav GelfandSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Saikiran G MurthySpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Reza YassariSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Rafael De la Garza RamosSpine Research Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5536-2514

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChordoma is a rare bone cancer with limited treatment options. Clinical trials are crucial for developing effective therapies, but their success depends on including diverse patient populations. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the reporting of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity in United States clinical trials exploring treatment for chordoma.

methodsA literature search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for published US chordoma trials up until 19 August 2024. The data collected included trial characteristics and racial and ethnic data, as well as socioeconomic indicators when available. Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) and Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2) analyses were adopted to assess the methodological quality. The N-1 Chi-squared (χ

resultsFive trials involving 111 patients (median age: 63 years; 34% female) were included. Four studies (80%) were single-arm non-randomized studies with one study (25%) having a high methodological quality and three (75%) having a moderate quality based on the MINORS analysis. Most patients (91%,

conclusionsThis systematic review highlighted the need for improved racial and ethnic diversity in chordoma trials and the better reporting of socioeconomic data. The underrepresentation of minority groups may obscure potential disparities in disease incidence, treatment access, and clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

chordomadiversityemploymentinsuranceracesocioeconomic statusvulnerability

Identifiers

PMID39858008
PMCPMC11763698

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.