ReviewCancers2025
Next-Generation Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel Treatment Approaches.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts to overcome stromal barriers in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Histone methyl-transferase G9a inhibition boosts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Current and Future Landscape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.Oncology research · 2026Review
- From anatomical to biological resectability: navigating adaptive resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma conversion.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Preclinical exploration and current clinical applications of immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming immune resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into mechanisms, predictive factors, and interventional strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Drug resistance mechanisms of immunotherapy and translational strategies for reversing resistance for hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A New Paradigm of Bispecific Antibodies in Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Growth differentiation factor 11 modulates metabolism, mitigating the pro-tumoral behavior provided by M2-like macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Expression landscape of epigenetic genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Discovery of Novel c‑MET Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using an Integrated Virtual Screening Approach.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-mediated SIRT1 inhibition suppresses M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis B.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma under divergent immune selection pressures.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and, with only 15-20% of HCC patients being suitable for potentially curative treatments, the vast majority of patients with HCC ultimately require systemic therapy. For decades, the choice of effective systemic therapy for HCC remained sparse. In recent years, after the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab demonstrated superior overall survival over the first-line standard, sorafenib, there has been a major therapeutic paradigm shift to immunotherapy-based regimens for HCC. While representing a great leap forward for the treatment of this cancer, the reality is that less than one-third of patients achieve an objective response to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy, so there remains a significant clinical need for further therapeutic optimization. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of immunotherapy for unresectable HCC and delve into the tumor intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to established immunotherapies with a focus on novel therapeutic targets with strong translational potential. Following this, we spotlight emerging immunotherapy approaches and notable clinical trials aiming to optimize immunotherapy efficacy in HCC that include novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modulators, targeted delivery systems, and locoregional interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.